Of Mice and Men Qu Essay

Do you agree that Lennie is always incapable of taking responsibility for his actions? You should refer closely to Lennie’s words, to events and to the actions and opinions of other characters in your answer. Throughout the majority of the novel, Steinbeck demonstrates how Lennie relies on George to help him out of the dire, tense situations he brings upon himself. Steinbeck conveys this image of Lennie by producing this by frequent reoccurring events, Lennie’s actions or even implicit use of speech from or even directed at Lennie. At the opening section of the book, Steinbeck chooses to show us the large contrast between George and Lennie; he describes how Lennie â€Å"flung himself down† â€Å"snorting into the water like a horse.† The use of crude descriptive words such as â€Å"flung† or â€Å"snorting† suggests just how careless Lennie can be. This compares Lenny to an animal which instinctively lashes at the sight of something they want without thinking logically at all. And with this, the readers taste the first time at which how reliant Lennie is of George. Steinbeck chooses to have George say that Lennie will â€Å"be sick like you was last night.† By mentioning â€Å"last night†, the reader learns that Lennie must regularly make stupid mistakes like this. It is made very apparent how Lennie is unable to take responsibility for his actions when he crushes Curley’s hand. Lennie was unable to understand the situation when Curley made a misunderstanding about Slim and his wife and Lennie continued â€Å"smiling with delight† on a completely different topic. This produces a juxtaposition image in the reader’s mind where at one side: Curley is steaming hot with anger as he â€Å"whirled† upon Carlson (the word â€Å"whirled† also suggests how he only gave Slim respect opposed to Carlson who he flipped into his old aggressive self again) and on the other, Lennie is grinning to himself like an idiot. The fact that Steinbeck chooses to have Lennie fantasize whilst a loud commotion is going on nearby shows just how little awareness and sense Lennie has altogether. And this is what leads into the fight. When Lennie is being attacked, he has no intuition to make a decision on what to do so once again he â€Å"looked helplessly at George.† The word helplessly really emphasises just how incapable Lennie is like a baby animal or lamb for instance when he gets himself into trouble like this. He â€Å"bleated with terror† implying that even with the strength Lennie possesses, he is unable to analyse the situation to take responsibility of the problem he has gotten himself into. The words â€Å"bleated† and â€Å"terror† really create an atmosphere as if Lennie like a baby lamb has been corned by a wolf. This is done by using the onomatopoeia â€Å"bleat† so you can almost here how distressed and vulnerable Lennie is at this stage. All he can do is use his animal like instincts and â€Å"retreat† and defend with his â€Å"huge paws†. The reference to â€Å"paws† may also hint to us what is about to come however it may have several connotations; a bear is a shy beast and doesn’t want attention, however if a situation of danger arises, it can be extremely vicious and protective just like Lennie becomes when George tells him to â€Å"get him.† On the other hand, â€Å"paws† may refer to another weaker animal such as the â€Å"paws† of a puppy that Lennie was so infatuated about. This can symbolize how weak and inexperienced Lennie is since he is also new to this aggression he is receiving likewise to a new born pup is to the world. At this stage, Slim sees how vulnerable and useless he is and â€Å"jumped up† to help. The impact the moment is causing on the other workers watching is shown to be so big that the respected Slim is even shaken conveyed by â€Å"jumped up.† It shows how emotions inside Slim were building up until they finally â€Å"jumped† out of him in an explosion. Steinbeck does this to show how useless Lennie can be in these situations so that even people around him who have known him for a few hours understand how dependent he is. However, Lennie with George’s guidance was able to do something however his actions shows the reader once again just how unintentionally irresponsible he can be. At first the description of Lennie’s attack is just that Curley’s â€Å"fist was lost in Lennie’s big hand†. It isn’t very dramatic at this point and just seems like Lennie stops Curley from attacking him. For example, it could of been described using dramatic words such as: Curley’s hand was absolutely crushed causing him to scream with agony however it uses the word â€Å"disappear† to relieve all the tension that may of built up; this may be done to cause a greater impact later on. The speech that follows explains how the situation was worsening. George tells Lennie to â€Å"leggo of him† but all Lennie could do was watch â€Å"in terror† which shows how shaken up he is so that he can’t even respond. Even with George who â€Å"slapped him in the face again and again†, Lennie was still unresponsive. By slapping him George hoped to achieve a respond which would normally happen to anyone however it shows that Lennie was undergoing a mental difficulty insde. The way Steinbeck describes George having to give multiple signals â€Å"again and again† like slapping or verbal commands show how incapable Lennie was. When Lennie finally finishes he doesn’t seem to even understand what he’s done. He doesn’t even look at the â€Å"shrunken† Curley and immediately talks to George â€Å"miserably†. At this point Slim had â€Å"regarded Lennie with horror† showing how his opinion of him being a â€Å"nice fella† had turned so very quickly. By having Slim- a very high respected figure looking at Lennie with this â€Å"horror†, Steinbeck causes the readers to truly understand how dangerous and uncontrollable he is. Lennie’s only concern here was probably mainly whether or not he could tend to the rabbits so he was apologizing to George. He even asks George at the end of the section whether he can â€Å"still tend the rabbits† which once again shows us how unaware of the situation he really is and this requires George to look into their greater concern- whether they will â€Å"get canned now†. This shows that even though Lennie is not prioritized correctly, George once again desperately tries to fix the damage that’s been done which suggests how many times this may of happened in the past. Steinbeck just repeatedly reinforces the strong idea of what Lennie is like and how George has to bail him out time and time again. It states how â€Å"Slim smiled wryly† and instantly the world â€Å"wryly† shows how Slim is going to take responsibility and deal with Curley in a slightly devious, corrupt method so that George and Lennie won’t get sacked. After Lennie killed the puppy in section 5, his initial fears was once again the rabbits. And after he causes the death of Curley’s wife, his fears remained the same. At that point, â€Å"he pawed up the hay until it partly covered her† and left for the place where George told him to go if anything wrong happened. The fact that Lennie crudely leaves the body openly â€Å"partly† hidden in the barn shows how little concern he has for the bigger picture. The way Lennie only â€Å"partly† hides the corpse shows what little concern he has almost to the extent where it becomes ridiculous as all he can think of is go to the rendezvous part and have George help him yet again. Up until the beginning of section 6, Lennie has acted irresponsibly and ironically, he begins to think accordingly to the situation only when it is too late. Opposed to how he â€Å"flung† himself around in section 1, Lennie went through the bushes to the meeting place â€Å"as silently as a creeping bear moves†. He also â€Å"drank, barely touching his lips to the water† opposed to how he was â€Å"snorting† it like a horse. Steinbeck uses the same location to create a strong contrast between the juxtaposition used here. As he crept â€Å"silently† and drank â€Å"barely† touching the water, these two words emphasise how carefully he is acting. Steinbeck deliberately does this to emphasise how late it is for him to be responsible and coordinated. And even so, it is George once again who has to take the real responsibility to shoot him.

John Lennon: An Inspiring and Peaceful Performer Essay

John Lennon was one among many inspiring and peaceful performers of his time. Lennon first began to perform with his first band, the Quarrymen, named after his high school the Quarry Bank School, at the age of sixteen. This was the year 1956, after World War II. His hometown was still recovering from the aftermath, both physically and emotionally. Lennon’s big musical break happened when he joined the Beatles, around 1960. At this time, his hometown celebrated popularity for its â€Å"Merseybeat sound† (Edmondson xvi). John Lennon broke away from the Beatles and started his own solo project in 1969. His solo career focused on antagonizing the modern Vietnam War waging on. John Lennon motivated people to live serenely through his music. John Lennon’s songs became very famous for their political and peaceful encouragement. â€Å"All You Need is Love,† was written in 1967 while Lennon was still performing with the Beatles. The song became popular due to its straightforward and clear message of love and peace. The song also poked fun at nations overrun by propaganda. â€Å"Give Peace a Chance† was also a song released by John Lennon as part of his solo career. The song was written in 1969, during the Vietnam War. John Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono, wrote it at their Bed In for Peace, where they would stay in bed for a week to protest the Vietnam War, with the intention of making it an anthem of peace. Finally, â€Å"Imagine,† one of Lennon’s most famous peace anthems, was released in 1971. â€Å"Imagine† became renowned as being the opening and main track of John Lennon’s album, â€Å"Imagine,† and for speaking out against violence and war. The song announced to t he world a positive message about picturing a period of peace and what the world would be like without conflict. Acclaimed for spreading a bulletin of harmony, John Lennon’s songs were and are still considered enlightening. John Lennon’s life contributed greatly to his musical success. â€Å"John Winston Lennon was born October 9, 1940 in Liverpool, England.† (Edmondson xi) Liverpool was a city where â€Å"from the time of the Civil War, ocean liners traveled between Liverpool and the US on a regular basis, sharing music, stories, and culture† (Edmondson xvi). American sailors brought their music to Liverpool, introducing artists such as Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Chuck Berry, and Carl Perkins, therefore influencing John Lennon and the Beatles. The American music inspired Lennon to write songs with the same classic rock and bluesy feel. During his time, Liverpool was still a city recovering from the aftermath of World War II. The city was still filled with crumbled buildings and economic challenges, â€Å"a quiet middle-class neighborhood† (Edmondson xi). For this reason, John Lennon’s music was not recognized until he performed in another, busy, bustling city with the Beatles. Lennon attended the high school Quarry Bank School. Here, he and his classmates formed their first band, the Quarrymen, which in turn inspired John to take a larger step in his musical career. John Lennon’s musical achievements have been a result of his growing-up in Liverpool. John Lennon and his music became a historical figure in peace and serenity. Lennon desired for his music to become legendary so that his message of love and passion to the world would be delivered. Lennon made sure that his music was not only aimed at common civilians of the time, but also government officials of many countries. He felt that the governments were caught up in spending their money and lives on fighting wars and telling lies to their people to reassure their safety. Lennon spoke out against propaganda through many of his songs, including â€Å"All You Need is Love.† Although John Lennon was not able to change laws or the thinking of government, he and the Beatles did manage to help fuel the Hippie Era. This was a time when ordinary citizens, mainly teenagers, would try to rebel against all figures of authority including parents and politicians to spread their message of cessation and embracing nature. It was the â€Å"hippies† that were crazed in the Beatl es and also wanted their moral to be noticed. Lennon’s songs, rather successfully, were written so that the world would try and consider thinking about unity in their society. Effects made by John Lennon are still seen in the world around everybody. Lennon is still widely known as a political activist and musician. Because the Beatles were able to gain so much popularity around the world, John Lennon still had fans when he broke away from the band to start on his solo singing career. Today, it is a rare occurrence to find someone who has never heard his name or doesn’t know who he was. Sings John Lennon in his celebrated song, â€Å"Imagine,† â€Å"Imagine there’s no countries, it isn’t hard to do; Nothing to kill or die for, and no religion too; Imagine all the people living in peace.† In these lines, Lennon points out that if there were no society, there would not be violent wars. Many people agreed that acuteness and weapons would have been limited, if not never used, if humans did not develop into changing the earth for their own greedy purposes. â€Å"In 1985, to commemorate what would have been John’s 45th birthday, Yoko [Ono] arranged to have 2.5 acres of land in Central park named ‘Strawberry Fields’ in John’s memory (after the song ‘Strawberry Fields Forever,’ written by Lennon). The land is just across the street from the Dakota, and includes a large round mosaic with the word ‘Imagine’ in the center. Fans often leave flowers, candles, and other memorabilia in the space to honor John† (Edmondson xxii). Even today, John Lennon’s music has affected many perspectives of how humans are living life and interacting with each other. John Lennon was able to inspire many artists. After he and the Beatles performed in America, they started what is known as the â€Å"British Invasion.† British bands inspired by the Beatles during the British Invasion including the Rolling Stones, The Kinks, and the Animals were all the rage. All of a sudden, American and English teenagers could not get enough of the British bands. Multiple musicians were able to gain familiarity with classic rock thanks to John Lennon. John Lennon’s political activism did not necessarily sit well with some parts of society. Especially because of â€Å"Give Peace a Chance† and his bed-ins for peace, the Nixon administration conflicted against him and attempted to have his residency from the United States taken away from him. Not only his stern idea for harmony, but his use of heroin had a fraction of society frown upon him. Additionally, his image didn’t improve in the best way when a terrorist organization was discovered to have a name similar to a title of a song by the Beatles. The group, called Revolutionary Force 9, questioned the Beatles for their coincident song title, â€Å"Revolution 9.† Finally, on December 8, 1980, Lennon was murdered by someone who supposedly seemed like a crazed fan. The probably mad citizen murdered John outside his New York City home on December 8, 1980. John Lennon wasn’t socially accepted by everybody in the world. John Lennon and his written music made dissimilarities in the world and the thoughts of its people. Without him, many musicians, including those from the British Invasion, wouldn’t have been motivated to play their music. The Beatles truly popularized taking a European twist on American rock music. Lennon has supported protesting peacefully. Therefore, citizens who sing â€Å"Give Peace a Chance† at their protests in order to speak out against the government would probably not exist without John Lennon. Plus, not many halcyon songs would sound like the â€Å"Imagine† we have come to love. John Lennon has been an influence musically and politically to the world. Works Cited Edmondson, Jacqueline. John Lennon: A Biography. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2010. Hammet, William. â€Å"John Lennon’s Political Activism.† (Online) Date written unknown. http://www.johnlennonandthemercystreetcafe.com/lennonactivism.html (Visited: April 11, 2011)

Learning Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

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Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

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Campbell Soup Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Danish Bottles Commission of European Communities v. Kingdom of Case Study

Danish Bottles Commission of European Communities v. Kingdom of Denmark - Case Study Example From this paper it is clear that the Commission of the European Communities saw some sense in their complaints thus leading them to argument upon Denmark concerning such strict restrictions. With such change in twist, the reporter disagrees with the CEC and second Denmark on their stand. The reason is that producing in returnable containers is cheaper for the production sector and at the same time environmental friendly. The Danish government is proposing such laws for the purposes of regulating production such as conserving the resources while reducing the volume of waste and ensuring quality measures. In addition, this environmental measure aims at ensuring a clean and secure production system in the industries. He agrees with the idea of protecting the environment and stabilizing the quality of production. This gives room to monitor and prevent some companies that might be interested at making profits in producing substandard drinks at the expense of the health of consumers. The s ame process will also give the government an ample time to monitor the rate of production and thus determine the duty charges to impose on producing firms. For this case, economics is vital for proving valuable evidence on the impacts of having such regulations to the market. For example, CEC presented a case before the EC institutions saying that such rules were aiming at preventing foreign countries from selling at Denmark while at the other end protecting the local production in Denmark. Ethics on the other hand looks at ensuring equal satisfaction of each member state without oppressing any member state in one way or another. For example, ethics emphasis that matters of environment conservation should be given less consideration since have too many restrictions by individual countries.

An Aspect of the Discussed TED Sustainability Strategy Research Paper

An Aspect of the Discussed TED Sustainability Strategy - Research Paper Example One of the most illustrative and abundant sources of ideas in the historic legacy of textile and apparel area is ethnic and folk costumes (Jenkyn Jones, 2005, p.19). In this respect, use of design details typical for traditional outfits of different cultures and epochs might become the great experience for a designer, as it opens the endless range of embellishment techniques, patterns and materials. Particularly, most traditional costumes date back to the past centuries, when people were closer and friendlier to the environment, applying the gifts of nature in the least ecologically hazardous way and reflecting their culture, values and symbols in clothes. Probably, the most recent example of this strategy’s application is the collection Spring/Summer 2015 created by the designers of Valentino, where the motifs of East-Slavic peoples were turned into sheer art. The collection consisted of women’s clothing models with the strong folk element, namely, lavish use of tradit ional East-European embroidery and materials such as sheep wool and linen. The artist’s homeland was the territory of modern Belarus, and the models illustrate traditional Slavic motifs explicitly: contrastive embroidery – predominantly in red and black, natural linen textures and waistcoats of sheep pelt. Moreover, this fashion design specimen demonstrates eco-friendliness, as the clothes were created in natural colours with virtually no dying, and, as it is well known that dyes used for fabrics contain environmentally harmful chemicals.

Organisational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

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Whole Food in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The Three major Categories of Motives Essay Example for Free

The Three major Categories of Motives Essay MOTIVES Motives can be define as a distressful feeling experienced by a person or animal that is ended by performing a behaviour that the organism believes will or might end the feeling.   According to encyclopaedia britannica it is defined as those forces acting either on or within a person to initiate behaviour. (Encyclopaedia Britannica) Motives are often categorize into Primary (basic), Secondary (learned) and Stimulus Primary Motives include hunger, thirst, sex, avoidance of pain. It’s unlearned motives and common to both animals and human. It is related to homeostasis which is basically entails maintenance of normal (steady) physiologic body state.   Primary motive acts to maintain homeostasis. Example of primary motives is the feeling of hunger which is also known as need for food. Secondary motive; are learned motives. They varied from one animal to the other and person to person. Example of secondary motives includes curiosity, ambition, competition, aggression, interest, Attitudes, Achievement and Power motivation. It’s usually acquired as part of socialization process. Study also indicates that individuals have the ability to learn new motives. The motives can be acquired by the following technique; classical, instrumental, and observational learning. Stimulus motives are innate but they involve motives to increase rather than decrease stimulation. People and lower animals need stimulation and activity. They also require exploration and manipulation. Example of stimulus motives can occur when someone is walking under a mango tree and a ripe mango fell on his head. The distressful feeling he might experience would be pain on the head as a result of the impact from the mango. This can subsequently motivate him to take analgesic when he gets home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reference John, Philip, Smith. (2006).   Motives. Immediate cause of Behavior. Alternative Psycological Textbook. Retrieved July 12, 2008. From http://members.aol.com/psychquery.

Physical Therapy Assistant Essay Example for Free

Physical Therapy Assistant Essay Under the observation of a Physical Therapist, a Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) works to help patients recover from injuries or disabilities within the body. A few exemplifications of their line of work include balance training, exercise, electrical stimulation, massage, ultrasound therapy, and mechanical traction. However, seeing as they are still just assistants, PTA’s must very thoroughly document and report everything they do and turn in their paper work to their overseeing therapist. Although the position is one of a mere apprentice, they are not required to hold a license, but there are several other qualifications needed. Education is the first step to certification. A basic two-year Associates degree is needed. This can be obtained through Murray State College in Tishomingo, Oklahoma. There are two different components that fit into the degree: classroom studies and clinicals. Under the education part of the degree, you would take several courses during your two year term, including rehabilitation, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, and terminology, and anatomy. Other courses include orthopedics, advanced physical therapy procedures, and pathology. Overall, sixty hours of educational course credits are needed. In the second section of studies, you are required to have working experience in the field. These clinicals occur within the second year of your education. Whether it is in a treatment center of some sort or a professional Physical Therapy business matters not, only that you have the experience needed, and in most cases, 2,000 working hours. Seeing as this would put you directly in contact with other people in a medical field, you would be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the basics of first aid. On a side note, since you are in the occupation of physical therapy assistance, you yourself as the therapy assistant should be in good or excellent condition. Oftentimes, the assistant has to work with the patients and help them with mobility, therefore, there is a high necessity to have a physically maintained body as well. After you have secured your Associates degree and completed your physical therapy assistant program with credits, you have become eligible to apply for and take the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). This test is administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. One way that you can help prepare yourself for the exam is by joining professional organizations. Not only would the groups make you look good, they would also offer many network opportunities and benefits in the future. Earning credentials also allows for more preparedness. For example, joining the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) requires a substantial number of extra experience hours and approximately a year of work before admission. This would give someone a very good head start when it comes to studying for the test. Once you feel prepared enough, you may take your exam. If passed, the graduate may then carry on with their certification of completion for the Physical Therapy Assistant. With this license, you can now go out into the medical field, get your own job as a certified physical therapist assistant, and thrive with the degree and job you love.

The Expectations Augmented Phillips Curve Essay

The Expectations Augmented Phillips Curve Essay History has developed into two aspects, before and after the era of 1975, with a broad unanimity about the development of pre-1975, which is well apprehend (understood). Bifurcation starts in 1975, when the Philips curve break down into two fork (branches) of the road with having a little interaction between two branches or forks. As we look towards the major contribution of the paper, by the source of bifurcation (divide it into branches) in order to examine the contributions of the forks that occur post 1975. The pre history of the Philips curve before 1975 is straightforward and clear in its manner. Philips initially discover the history of existing negative relationship between inflation and unemployment named as Philips curve, that was afterward popularized by Samuelson and Solow, and then followed by the period when the policy maker were supposing to feat the trade-off between them in order to reduce the unemployment on the cost of increasing inflation. For that development of Friedman, Phelps and lucas conquered the policy feat trade-off in favor of long run monetary impartiality. When Sargent explained the failure of their tests of impartiality, made refusal on the implemented econometric version of Philips curve in the 1960s wound, and finally they were condemned to the destroyed twist of the negative correlation between the unemployment and inflation in the era of 1960s converted to the positive in 1970s by the lucas and Sargent. The impartial architect and the adversary of Keynesian trade-off emerged victory with having major caveats of that concerned model were unconvincing as well as their price surprises all were conducting many mistakes without any supporting evidences. Literature of Philips curve split in two dimensions after 1975 (the era of evolution of PC), when everyone failed to recognize the contribution of others. The other section reviews the consistent, energetic and dynamic aggregate demand and supply framework that come into front in late 1970s in theoretical contribution and in textbooks of macro economics. This approach is determined, because the inflation rate is dominated by the perseverant in form of different long lags as compared to past inflation rate. In the main stream approach the major important difference is that the post inflation rate is unlimited to form the expectations, but also involves the perseverant effect due to the wage and price the contracts of fixed-duration, also the lags of unripe material and final goods prices. Due to the demand and supply shocks inflation dislodged from its past sluggish values. This approach of econometric implementations sometime called triangle because it showing the three cornered supply, demand and inertia. As the results of supply shocks, the approach describes the inflation and unemployment peaks in the era of 1970s and early 1980s, that provides the proportional analysis of valley of low unemployment and inflation in late 1990s. It may emphasize that unemployment and inflation can either be negatively and positively correlated and also depending on the supply shocks and responses. During the era of early and mid 1960, the three phases of Philips curve developed e following results. Firstly, the Philips curve provide the policy maker with a menu of different options. Secondly, the policy advisors of the Kennedy and Johnson government, that led by Walter Heller having support from Robert Solow and James Tobin, they made discussion that the previous Republican government (administration) had chosen a point too far south east along with the Philips curve trade-off, that time considered precious because of getting the country move again from south east to north-west. President Kennedy got some sort of recommendations from Hellers group relevant to the major cuts in federal income taxes and these were implemented by the Johnson government in two phases of 1964 and 1965 after the death of president. Samuelson and Solow had calculated the unemployment rate in the late 1963 that was 5.5% and compatible along zero inflation, so it was suitable to implement the expansion ary fiscal policy of Kennedy-Johnson that accelerate the inflation even without loosening the floodlight fiscal trend due to the war of Vietnam. We refer to examine the period of 1960 to 1971by taking the quarterly data of US inflation and unemployment and then return to the same picture of evolution of Philips curve debate started in the post 1971 about the inflation and unemployment. Third aspect was the rate of unemployment fall below 5.5% in 1964 and remained below 4% in between 1966 to 1970. The ups and down in inflation remained compatible in econometric model with having the natural unemployment rate (consistent with steady inflation rather than the zero inflation) in the range of 5.5% 6.0%. Another aspect of that period was the invention of mainframe (the super electronic computer). For the first time, the computer made it practical to estimate the large scale econometric models contained in (Formm and Tauban 1968). These model consisted of two equations. The main explanatory variable in that equation of incorporated Philips curve was the unemployment rate, sometimes the rate of change of unemployment rate, some variables measure the expected inflation of sets of lags and on tax rates. In the equation of price level to the wage level the estimated change of wage was typically translated into the inflation rate and adjusted for the productive tendency, the so called unit labor cost tendency. Demand was intensively measured and responds by the price-labor cost ratio. The price-labour cost ratio or mark-up was allowed to respond to a measure of demand, this particular situation related to the productive market not to the unemployment rate, such as the ratio similar to the unfilled shipment orders. The inflation rate depend on the rate of change of unemployment in the reduce form of this approach where it measure the demand as well as different lags of inflation. With dealing the challenge of Friedman-Phelps natural rate hypothesis, a problem encountered showing the conflict in the data taken in the late 1960s. Although, the pertaining competition, the feature was devoted among the different departments of economics working at the University of Chicago, dealings happening in between Milton Friedman and Franco Modigliani. A debate occurred between them in 965 by their co-authors over the issue that only monetary policy mattered or only fiscal policy mattered and debated seemed fantastic when the results were based on IS-LM model showed that both the fiscal and monetary policy mattered in estimation of PC by excluding some extreme cases. The presidential address of Friedman (1968) comprised of two sections that had a main point which was closely correlated.   First, it signified the faster inflation due to showing the inefficiency in control of nominal interest rate by the central bank and it adds fuel toward the inflation fire in the economy. Second, it showed the importance of Philips curve debate and derived conclusion by said that the policy makers had no ability to select any other unemployment rate rather than the natural rate of unemployment and excluded from the macroeconomic structure of the product and the labor market. Another more desirable and suitable interpretation about the natural rate of unemployment was given that showed the compatibility with accurate inflation rate which comprised the slow and steady inflation rate. Analysis which was not neutral based on the policy trade off had ignored the expectations that used for adjustment purposes. By consider an economy proceeding at the natural rate of unemployment and also based on the 1% inflation rate was precisely prevented.   By pushing the unemployment rate below the natural unemployment rate can tend the economy towards the north east of the short run Philips curve and the consequences appeared in form of increasing the actual inflation rate. But if the agents noticed that the inflation rate become higher as compared to the initial anticipated inflation rate of 1%, the inflation expectations become higher and it shift the short run Philips curve higher. And the process will continue unless and until the rate of unemployment reached at the natural rate of unemployment. So, the Friedmans timing to address becomes weird and impeccable. According to the verbal predictions of the model given by Friedman, The fiscal expansion of Kennedy-Johnson that included both the spending on Vietnam War and tax cuts that also accompanied by the monetary accommodations had not only push the rate of unemployment down to 3.5% from 5.5% but in each year in between 1963 to 1969 the rate of inflation become swift. The large sca le econometricians who had estimated the unemployment rate of 4% and also forecasted the inflation rate become perplex that how the acceleration of inflation had been exceeded from year to year. Defamers of Friedman attacked on the verbal model given by him and used to motivate the natural rate, when the econometricians become well aware of their failures regarding to forecast the acceleration of inflation in late 1960s and in later the model become fooling model. According to the employers expectations related to price level a thought given by Friedman that are always accurate but the employees remained dissatisfied of the expected prices that does not respond to the actual price level. When the business expand, the prices raises more than the ratio of wages, so the need is to provide the incentives to the employees in order to bridge up the gap of lower real wages, as they remained fail to fulfilled their expectations to adjust the prices.   Friedmans verbally assumed model become implausible, as the workers had complete access of the Consumer price index and were well known about the actual prices prevailing in the market. There could no business cycle in the world of Friedman. The credit of co-discovering the natural hypothesis was given to Phelps (1967, 1968). In juxtaposition, the Friedman distinction was in between dumb workers and smart firms, but in Phelpss world everyone is dumb considered equally fooled. The general price level rises in the rest of economy as both the workers and the firm seems the price rises in the industry and the consequence was to increase the production level. So the Phelps developed a model in which employees treated separate from the information of the economy. The workers quit regularly from one firm to another firm in order to get the high wages and the unemployment become frictional. But the workers does not quit as the same firms offered them the high wages. Without their knowledge t he unemployment rate became low, and at the same time all the firms raised the wages by the same proportion of the money. The macroeconomic data registered a decline in the unemployment as the employees became fooled of declining the frictional unemployment rate. Hence there prevail a correlation in between the rate of unemployment and wage rate, but due to this situation the expectations are incorrect. The criticism directed to the Friedman verbal fooling model as well as applied to Phelps model, whether the firms or employees became fooled or both of them treated in the same direction. But the workers and the employees got information of consumer price index on monthly basis and buy different goods and services smoothly. So the consequences appeared by said that, if the countrys GDP is very high and the unemployment rate become low then the aggregate prices goes up, so the workers and firm can learn many more from the past expectations and can use their experience In the proper wa y. The Origins of the Phillips Curve Alban Philips was the first name of Philips curve which is afterward known as Philips curve, when an econometric survey was conducted in United Kingdom in the era of 1861 to 1957 in order to examine the behavior of money wage and unemployment. To justify this behavior Philips did not had any macroeconomic model, then by took help from theoretical thought he made a statistical model. Philips argued that when few are unemployed and the demand for labor is very high we should expect from employers to bid the wage rates up rapidly (Philips, 1958, p: 283). So according to him, the wages can be increased with having a low unemployment rate. And the other aspect was, there prevail a highly non linear relationship, as the workers will not accept the low wages when there prevail a high unemployment rate in the economy, so the wages fall slowly. Two other factors are also state by Philips named as the rate of change in the retail prices and the business cycle (Philips 1958, p:283). To find the evidences, that the negative relationship exists in the wage rate and unemployment, Philips enquire into three period separately from 1861 to 1913, 1913 to 1948 and 1948 to 1957 respectively (Philips, 1958, p:299). No worth was given to this because in 1926, Irving Fisher has already been found this relationship (Fisher 1973). While after in 1960, this work was named as Philips curve1, when Samuelson and Solow repeated the work of Philips in United States (Samuelson and Solow, 1960). In 1960 this article the Philips curve became very much important and central for any of the macroeconomic discussion, thinking and policy. 2.2 Expectations-Augmented Phillips Curve The Phillips curve broke down in its original form after the 1960s. And the expected augmented Philips curve was the new form of Philips curve. First to find out why the original relationship broke down, the analysis of original framework of Philips curve is important. As we facing a high inflation rate now a days. We became used to of this situation, as the prices become high day by day, the wages increases and we face inflation. In the statistical terms the price follows a random tendency. In the last year USA faced negative inflation, Austria faced it in 1955 and for the last time in 1953 when the inflation was negative (Blanchard, 2006). Inflation was sometimes negative and followed by a white noise before the World War 1, when the gold standard was still inefficient (Mankin and Reis, 2002). So the Philips curve discovered negative relation and the analysis was done for the white noise inflation period. In that period when the household expected no inflation or zero inflation in the economy, the wage-price spiral as discussed in the Philipss article, as follows: As the low unemployment directs the firms to increase the wages The increased wages leads to higher prices And the higher prices will direct the workers to demand higher wages So the low unemployment leads inflation in the above framework. In 1970s this form of model broke down in USA due to its failure to incorporate the economic behavior of the human being in the right and correct way. In 1970s there were two important things that provided a clear proof of this fact. First, this model was called the Philips schedule but later on this model and the whole article switched up to Philips curve. On the other hand the world was already faced two oil shocks and inflation considered as the permanent phenomenon, people has been expecting inflation in order to bid up their wages (Blanchard, 2006).To make it able an analysis about influences conducted to include the price shocks and expectations in the model. There are three components of Philips curve are as follow: Demand Pull inflation: If the inflation is below its structural rate of 3% the inflation is called demand pull inflation that tend to increase due to the aggregate demand. Cost-pushh inflation: This inflation refers to the supply shocks. Low supply directs the firm to increase the prices, so this causes higher inflation. Expectations: People expect more about inflation and when the prices rise they bid up the wages. So, it can be said as there exists the negative relationship in between cyclical unemployment and unanticipated money wage. No doubt, many economists agreed upon that the classical quantity theory of money is inconsistence with the stable long run Philips curve that shows the trade-off between the inflation and unemployment. In the quantity theory of money, money stock changes can only affect the nominal variables and the price while the impact became nil in real variables. By Juxtaposition, Philips curve explained that the money growth rate can raise the level of output and increase employment. Now the question arises how could the economists frequently cleave two opposite views? According to the great eighteenth century economists of Scott land and the philosopher, the question centralized to the disputation over the contributions of David Hume (1711-1776). For example, Thomas Mayer argued that, the David assuredly rejected the trade-off between the inflation and unemployment because it is incompatible with quantity theory of money.   According to the Mayer, as the quantity theory of money is central for the David Hume likewise the Philips curve trade-off is also central to the Davids economics because if this trade-off exists in the economy, it also affect the quantity theory of money as well and the consequences are in form of prices that do not increases in quantity theory of money. Similarly, Frenkel quotes Davids creed in the neutrality of quantity theory as (the money stock can only affect the nominal variables) as an proof of Davids rejection of the Philips curve. Frenkel says, there is an evidence that David Hume did not trust in the long run Philips curve Trade-off, the overpowering inclination of Humes and the important feature of monetary theory had been the assertion objective of the money neutrality which states, the monetary policy perform no longer pressure on the real variables. Mayer and Frenkel, no doubt, admitted that during the transitional period, money wages can affect the inflation, output a nd unemployment. But if there is no long run Philips curve trade-off, it can only affect the temporary real effects that can vanish while after.   According to the Charles Nelson controversy, who claims that the David Hume is in need to show trust in the long run Philips curve trade-off as it is unique in its functions. Nelson says, the money stock in quantity theory can raise the output, wages, prices and employment permanently. Therefore, David Hume was believed in the long run Philips curve. The purpose of this discussion is to show and remove the controversy to the content of Mayer and Frenkle and the Hume did believe in the quantity theory of money and the long run Philips curve trade-off as well. The purpose of this study is to correct the both phenomenon which are partially mistaken and contrary to Mayer and Frenkle, and David Hume should trust in stable long run Philips curve with contrary to the suggestions given by Nelson, that Hume was not alone to accept this stable Philips curve but Henry Thornton was also joined with him (1760 to 1815), perhaps the primary fiscal theorist of the nineteenth century at British tradi tional school; and eventually, that neither Hume nor Thornton compete that the real possessions of a steady, unrelenting rate of money growth were controlled to a concise execution period but idea of those possessions could persist for an imprecise phase. More precisely, the article shows that both Thornton and Hume notorious among levels and rates of conversion of the money hoard, that they held the preceding work to be unbiased and the later partial with deference to definite fiscal variables, and that this variation resolve their conviction in both the long run Philips curve and the quantity theory of money. Moreover the article shows that, even if both Thornton and Hume thought in the continuation of a steady long-run Phillips curve, they varied concerning the attraction of utilizing that association for policy purposes, Hume errand and Thornton disparate such a policy.   The vision of Hume and Thornton are imperative not just as they show that at least two foremost classical quantity theorists accepted the Philips curve, but as well as they demonstrate how divergent policy prescription can obtain from the similar fundamental theoretical framework. According to Hume, the long run trade-off, though, the same is not accurate of a stable sequence of such fiscal increase. He deliberate such increase would, if preserve over a permanent sequence of intermediary modification period, apply stable real effects. That is, he emphasized the actual consequence of a unrelenting fiscal extension, thus timely Adam Smiths aside that Mr. Humes analysis is remarkably inventive. He look, though, to have left a modest into the concept that community luxury consists in wealth. (9; p. 197 quoted in 7; p. 136) absolutely bigheaded that prospect of future inflation would always remain nil and then would never go into price and wage demands, Hume asserted that a repeatedly inc reasing money stock would ever more protest in front of prices and wage, always annoying their 1 Humes oversight of inflationary prospect could be clarified on at least three basis.   First, he was unfolding a world clanging inflation rate relatively low (1-3 % per year on average) through recent principles, perchance insufficient to achieve the least observation entrance requisite for the creation of inflation prospect. Second, specified a clanging fiscal standard, one could disagree on prosperity basis that the anticipated long term inflation rate is nil. The basis, certainly, is that if the reserve of fiscal metal were primarily growing at an inflationary velocity so as to lift the metal price of goods as well as labor. The consequential drop in the purchasing power of metal mutual with the increasing labor cost of drawing out it would persuade mine owners to restrain clanging production to non inflationary stage. Furthermore, the inflationary over production of gold would, through lower its worth comparative to further goods, provide the later supplementary gainful to fabricate than gold, thus repeatedly scrutinize the over production of gold. Emphasize this p rice stabilize production effect would be a move in the demand for gold from monetary to non monetary uses as golds value as money declines. Third, the discovery of gold and silver mines in the New World could be observed as random, casual events having an expected value of approximately zero. For these reasons, Humes understandable that either the monetary change is relatively positive or negative. That real wage rate is as harmful to industry, when silver and gold are retreating, as it is beneficial when these metals are rising. particularly, in the devaluation case of pessimistic money growth, The laborer has not at the same employment from the producer and merchant although he pays the same price for all things in the marketplace. The farmer cannot organize of his corn and livestock; while he has to pay the similar rent to his landowner. The poverty as well as beggary, and sluggishness, which must follow are simply anticipated. [3; p. 40]   Here is Humes strain on the actual consequence and inconsequentiality correspondingly, of rates of change vs. unlimited quantity of money. This stress is also obvious in the subsequent way, in which he terminates that it is of no substance of result, with considering to the household pleasure of a state, whether money is in lesser or in larger quantity. The good and efficient policy of the magistrate based only on its maintenance. If likely, still rising as by those resources, he maintains lively strength of tat manufacturing unit in the state, and enlarge the reserve of labor, in which consists all actual authority and riches. About this course, Blaug observes that Humes demand for a frequent inflow of valuable metals quantity to a demand for a unremitting sequence of intermediary phases through which inflationary money growth constantly and everlastingly motivate trade. [1; p. 20] Here is Humes observance to the long run Philips curve. Here also is his settlement of that perception with his quantity theory. There is no argument between the two theories, his deliberation, since the one refers to rates of modify and the other to substitute levels of the money stock. Phillipss inference In the 1950s, Alban William Hoosegow Phillips tried to determine the neoclassical anomaly [68-73]. Phillips, who had degree in electrical engineering (1938) and sociology with economics (LSE, B. A., 1949) [10], was viewing how to erect a water flow model as a similarity of the neoclassical income expenditure model. The final replica frequently was symbolized in arithmetical terms, but some economic students had complexity with mathematics. Both these two models (hydraulic and income expenditure model could be explained by the way of discrepancy calculus. The hydraulic machine, though, was evident and understandable to students. The machine, explained in Phillipss Ph.D. thesis, provoked his selection as assistant lecturer at the LSE in 1950. In explanation of the machine, Phillips alert on modifying following a disorder of equilibrium, which be conventional to Hicks modern trade cycle theory. In addition, Phillips used engineering systems expressions to the blocked loop systems, fabrication faults, positive and negative feedback, adjustment factor, habitual parameter are organized.   The economics of all this come up to from the neoclassical IS-LM model. Phillips precise the equations of the income expenditure relation or savings investment characteristics with investment depends on the interest rate and the accelerator, record modification, and liquidity preference. The labor supply based on the money wage rate, the usual Keynesian formulation. Later than, the Marshallian neoclassicist A. C. Pigou assault the fix-wage conference [74]. According to Pigou, there was a distinguished compassion in money wages-even if monopolist unit made this slow and only partly followed by a fall in real wages- because the drop in nominal values could have a actual balance effect on savings, which would direct to a increase in investment. Also, neoclassical Keynesians renowned that a decrease in nominal values, when liquidity preferences were not considerably flexible, would cause a decrease in the money rate of interest (the LM curve shifting right) and a rise in investment [43, 200]. Moreover, there exists exclusive equilibrium in the economy having full employment. In 1954, Phillips, possibly owing to his inter penalizing exercise provoke to smash from the conference of the neoclassical fusion. He depicts a association among the level of production and the rate of change of factor prices.   The merchandise price relatively than the money wage level emerges on the vertical axis since, given constant yield, there was a conversational relation among relative money wage and price changes. The economy was stable, defined by a steady price level. On the other hand there would be disequilibrium in the economy, if the firm slips up to produce the quantity relative to equilibrium demand. Changing price would receive effect, pretty like the Samuelson-Hansen linear model so as to, the rate of transformation of product prices (P) was relative to the difference of real production from the level of equilibrium. (The slighter the production error, the improved the linear equation would near to his nonlinear curve suggesting higher money wage stiffness in the unemployment range) [69, 308]. Afterward the price change moreover distorted the interest rate in the same or factual balances in the reverse course. To raise the speed of error correction, a monetary policy foundation on the mora lity of habitual modifiable systems would be sufficient [69, 315]. The original Phillips curve, like a courageous inference that begin development of a theoretical model in arithmetic or the physical sciences, was inwards at by deductive conjecture stated in green, a theoretical terms [48]; what neoclassical lane between micro and macro-economic it assured to free. Prior to that could happen, though, the Phillips supposition required systematic testing and theoretical proof. Pragmatic scrutiny When Phillips draft the 1954 curve which showed that money wage rate modification in deflation and inflation was irregular; he was annoying to integrate an old, admired observation into a hypothetical configuration. Phillips furnished an example of this examination.   When labor demand is lofty and very fewer are unemployed, we should anticipate employers bid wage rate fairly swift. On the other aspect, it emerge that workers are unwilling to offer their services at lower than the existing rates when the labor demand is low high unemployment faced by economy, so that wages become low very slowly. Inevitable, Phillipss study on a pragmatic model objectifying this trendy observation had its example [5]. The adjoining research was by Professor Arthur J. Brown [88]. Phillips and Brown mutually deliberate the history of wage transformation, using the same traditional data basis and pleasing the pre-World War I period as a foundation. Both researchers had the similar figures (that is the annual rate of adjust of money wage rates and unemployment percentages) confirmation on arithmetic flee diagrams casing the pre-World War I, interwar and post-World War II periods. They distinct the similar relationship between merchandise price and changes of money wag e rates. Both supposed a contrary relationship between unemployment and inflation inside each pre-World War I cycle. However, unlike Phillips, Brown stressed that the accurate inflation-unemployment relation diverse obviously from cycle to cycle. Furthermore, Brown supposed that cost transforms distinct to the plane of aggregate demand were the foremost reason of inflation during the post-World War I and II periods.   Browns immense inflation thus advocated policies of reducing cost [13]. In distinction, Phillips accomplished that there had been a steady century long, contrary relation among the rate of change of money wage and unemployment, and affirmed that the price plane would be steady if unemployment were reserved. The same research by two researchers escorted to inconsistent conclusions a general experience in the narration of science in which each experimenter inferred the pragmatic data according to his own preceding, hypothetical perception. Moreover, the consequences had instant policy proposition. In the mid-1950s, there was a animated arguments among demand-pull and cost-push bloc regarding the grounds of inflation and the policies implemented against inflation. Brown, a cost-push Keynesian, and numerous classmates of Phillips responsive of his continuing research energetically contributed in this [47]. Phillipss 1958 article really encouraged the demand-pull case. To sustain their de viating policies, Brown and Phillips keen to the similar facts, annual wage rate transforms and unemployment percents. But such essentials as recent methodologists have strained, were not specified but created. Phillips really sincerely condemns the data, which were very insufficient for the foundation period as the key sources were the records of trade unification to which few employees belong. Moreover, union wage records were of regular, not valuable rates.   Furthermore, Phillipss dealing of the data was mocked by economists at the Keynesian National Institute of Economics and Social Research (NIESR) [76]8 and Oxford Institute [45] because (1) Phillips exercise fixed weight wage and unemployment catalogs substituted of wage slanted indexes which permitted for transformation in numbers engaged by industry, (2) the unemployment and the wage sample did not comprise the same industries, and (3) the unemployment and wage sequence were not coordinated. By the era of 1960, statisticians had enhanced Phillipss scatter diagram. However they stress that the premature data could not sustain a particular statistical relation between wage inflation and unemployment. But Brown had not yet seen a broad relation. And the question was who had Phillips? Phillips simplifies the scatter diagram by pertaining a re

Nonprofit Organizations Essays -- Papers Not for Profit Business Essay

Nonprofit Organizations I. Introduction: Why do Nonprofit organizations exist and what do they do. II. Planning in Nonprofit organizations 1. The importance of planning 2. Steps in planning a. setting goals b. identifying the needs of those whom the goals will serve c. developing and defining specific role and mission of organization d. specific organizational objectives e. setting priorities f. measuring results III. Budgeting Nonprofit organizations 1. Importance of budgeting 2. Steps in budget process a.defining mission objectives b.projecting expenditures based on available revenues c.reporting and control IV. Funding Nonprofit organizations 1. How Nonprofit organization get their money. V. Managing Nonprofit organizations 1. Total Quality Management VI. Summary The non-profit sector is based on two philosophical concepts: voluntarism and market failure economies. Voluntarism is applied ethics, moral philosophy and action for the benefit of the public, and market failure economics explains the existence of non-profits. The government simply cannot provide or perform services for everyone. Non-profit organizations are everywhere. Wherever there are people there are non-profit organizations. Non-profit, or Not-for-Profit organizations exist to perform or provide services. Whether provided by a public organization or agency, or a private organization or agency, they serve a purpose. Government, educational institutions, community organizations and health care facilities are all examples of non-profit organizations. They are very different in size, some are small neighborhood grassroots organizations with only a few employees and little mo... ... four functions of non-profit organizations are extremely important for the survival and future of an organization, and for the quality of services to be provided by an organization. Bibliography: 1. Gies, David L., Ott, J. Stephen, Shafritz, Jay M. The Nonprofit Organization: Essential Readings. California: Brooks/Cole, 1990. 2. Grayson, Leslie E., Tompkins, Curtis J.. Management of Public Sector and Nonprofit Organizations. Reston, Virginia: Reston Publishing Co., 1984. 3. Herman, Robert D. The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass publishers, 1994. 4. Lee, James C. Do or Die: Survival for Nonprofits. Washington D.C.: Taft Products, Inc. 1974 5. Powell, James Lawrence. Pathways to Leadership: How to Achieve and Sustain Success. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass publishers, 1995

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald I want to introduce you to, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The book is set in the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† as it takes place in the summer of 1922. It is the height of the jazz age as society is dissolves into the Great Depression. The protagonist is Jay Gatsby and narrated by Nick Carraway. The story is about jay’s love for a woman, Daisy Buchanan. And it is about Jay’ Gatsby’s will to achieve greatness as he perceives it. He is a driven by money and power. He was a man with a vision to succeed in life. As a child, Jay Gatsby grew up on a farm. He saw his parents as nothing but farmers. Gatsby knew exactly what he didn’t want to be and that was like his parents. They were people who were content with who they were. Gatsby, on the other hand, was the exact opposite. He wanted to move on. Jay Gatsby wanted to be someone special, someone with prestige and someone definitely with money. Gatsby developed a self improvement plan to help him flourish as a young man. His plan detailed dumbbell exercises, studying electricity, practicing elocution and studying needed inventions. Even his parents knew he was driven. His father said: "Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always had some resolve like this or something. Do you notice what he’s got about improving his mind? He was always great for that". The structured drive let Gatsby prevail in his endeavors. However, there are some things people just can’t get away from. James Gatsby desperately wanted to achieve success in life. However, it is difficult to flourish with a background like Gatsby’s. So to escape his past, he changed his name at the age of 17 from James Gats to Jay Gatsby. Nonetheless, changing his name only did so much for him. Gatsby ended up living a life of lies because of his hidden identity. Nobody really knew Gatsby. So in the absence of people’s knowledge, they conjured up rumors. "One time he killed a man who found out he was a nephew of von Hindenburg and second to the devil". The rising action is Gatsby is meeting the young lady named Daisy. Daisy was very beautiful and came from a wealthy background. Nonetheless, Daisy’s background was the one thing preventing them from marriage.

Chisholm Trail :: essays research papers

Chisholm Trail When the railroads moved west to the Great Plains, the "Cattle Boom" began. Southern Texas became a major ranching area with the raising of longhorn cattle from Mexico. Cattle was branded by the rawhides who guarded them on horseback on the ranges. Before the Civil War, small herds of Texas cattle were driven by the cowboys to New Orleans, some as far west as California, and some to the north over the Shawnee Trail. This trail passed through Dallas and near the Indian Territory, ending in Sedalia, Missouri. In 1866, the Shawnee Trail presented some major problems for the cattle drivers Farmers along the route did not like their fields being trampled. They also objected to the spread of tick fever. Longhorns carried the ticks but were immune to the fever. A few farmers were so angry, they armed themselves with shotguns to convince the cattle ranchers to find another trail north. There was a large increase icattle by the end of the Civil War. Over 1,000,000 cattle roamed the open range. At this time, people in the north had money to buy beef and cattle which was in great demand. A cow that cost 4 to5 dollars a head in Texas was going for 40 to 50 dollars a head in the east. Ranchers hired cowboys for the cattle drives north, realizing the great opportunity for a large profit if they could reach the railroads in Abilene, Kansas. Joseph McCoy, a stock dealer from Springfield, Illinois, decided a new trail was necessary west of the farms. In 1867, he chose a route that would reach Abilene and the railroads with the least amount of problems. This route was to become well-known as the Chisholm Trail. Jesse Chisholm was a half-breed, a Scotch Cherokee Indian trader, who in 1866 drove a wagon through the Indian territory, known now as Oklahoma, to the Wichita, Kansas, where he had a trading post. Cattlemen use the same trail in the years to come, following Chisholm's wagon ruts to Abilene, Kansas, and the railroads. The trail began below San Antonio, Texas, and stretched north for about 1,000 miles. The main course then passed through Austin, Fort Worth, The Indian Territory, and Wichita to Abilene. Side trails fed into the Chisholm Trail. The cattle fed on grass along the trail. Cattlemen moved about 1,500,000 cattle over the trail during a three year span. The biggest year was in 1871, when 5,000 cowboys drove over 700,000 head of cattle along the trail from Texas to Abilene. The Chisholm Trail was the most popular route because of the good terrain.

The Reasonable Winners and Emotional Loser’s of the Miller’s Tale

In many stories we are accustomed to, the â€Å"good† characters that are kind and affectionate triumph over the â€Å"evil†, who manipulate the weak through trickery. However, in Chaucer’s Miller’s Tale, the winner has qualities of a villain while the loser has benign qualities of winners. The three male characters, John, Absolon and Nicholas, who all have great affections for Alisoun, face different ends. Absolon who is able to get a hold of his emotions after his struggle with Alisoun, meets a victory while John meets a bitter end because of his great love for her.Nicholas, despite his great success in trickery loses focus and gets burnt harshly by Absolon. In the Miller’s Tale, the character’s ability to reason and overcome their emotions determines their final victory. In the Miller’s Tale, John is the epitome of a man who is overcome by his emotions. John, despite his wealth, is a carpenter who is highly uneducated for he is peas ant. Because he is uneducated, he has no choice but to depend on his emotions in making his judgements. He must decide the right and wrong based from his feelings.Unfortunately, this leaves him vulnerable to those that can notice his inablity to think for himself. Nicholas and Aliouson is very aware of John’s weaknesses. Knowning Johns devoted love for Alisoun, the two easily tricks him into thinking that a flood greater than that of Noah’s is coming. Greatly overcome by emotinos and fear that Alisoun might die John fools even the most ridiculous instructions given to him. Never once does John question Nicholas’s motives or words. Poor John, however, does not only care for Alisoun but even for Nicholas as well.He shows his worries for Nicholas saying â€Å"Me reweth soore of hende Nicholas† and visits his room to check up on him (Chaucer 276). Of course, John again, cannot see that Nicholas is acting and tricking him. He is too succumbed to his emotions b y the time Nicholas talks about Alisoun’s danger, John forgets to ask nicholas the reliability of his words. John’s reliance on emotions caused by lack of education, leads him to a disaster. Not only does he gets physically hurt falling from the roof, but faces mental pain, rejected and tricked by his love.Absolon is also another character who has great love for Alisoun. Although he is a clerk, he lacks the experience and knowlegde of real love and has fantastical image of courtly love. Therefore, he serenades to Alisoun every night and asks for her love continously, even after rejects him. Because he is so overcome by his emotions, it seems that his ability to reason is disabled; he does not stop and wonder what he can do to win Alisoun’s heart. Instead, he persists on Alisoun, to fulfill his desire to get her love.Then when he kisses Alisoun’s ass and is humiliated greatly, he is cure of his love sickness. He is finally able to use his intelligence to d evise a plan to revenge Alisoun. Absolon is finally able to realize the reality of Alisoun’s absent love. He makes a logical decision to get his pride back by trying to burn her with a hot rod. It is interesting how now he is able to foresee other characters’ actions. Although it was Nicholas rather than Alisoun that gets burnt, Absolon is able to detect and foresee that someone will try to trick him again by putting their ass out the window.With his new knowledge and realizaion of reality of love, Absolon is able to plan ahead of those who tricked him. Finally, in control of his emotions, Absolon meets a victory and is the winner. The tale’s most devious character, Nicholas who devises and beings the trickery, does not have a clear stance in being the winner or the loser. In the beginnning of the tale, Nicholas is a character who is driven by his intellect and reasoning. He is only character who succeeds in charming Alisoun. Unlike John and Absolon, he does not pour out all his affection to her but uses few sweet words to express his love.He is also not as emotionally attached to Alisoun and values the plan and method of getting with Alisoun more. Even when he as the chance to sleep with her and John is away, he does not, proving that he enjoys using his intellect and does not simply given into his momentairly emotions. Therefore, Nicholas is an acute character who uses his knowledge effectively to create a plan to fool John. He succeeds in doing so by manipulating John’s love. He is aware that John, who is controlled by his emotions, would be easily duped and exploits it.However, after his great success intricking John without much effort, Nicholas loses much of his focus and becomes lazy. Overcome by pride and cockyness, he lets his guard down, allowing his emotions to take over. When Absolon comes back for another kiss, he sticks his ass out the window, definitely putting his logic aside and not thinking. The image of him presen ting his ass also symbolizes his vulnerability and lack of reasoning. Nicholas, although victorious in the beginning, gets duped, beding both the winner and the loser.The three characters, John, Absolon and Nicholas all get tricked at one point. Whether it is their love or pride, the three men is overcome by their emotions eventually. This might make one questions the intent. It might be possible that Chucer in the Miller’s Tale, might be doing so to prove that all classes are influenced by their emotions. No man, whether he is a clerk or a peasant, can fully control his emotions at all times. Therefore, he might making an underlying claim that all men are vulnerable and equal in some extent.

Black House Chapter Twenty-two

22THIS TIME THERES swell up-nighaffair that isnt sort of silence a lovely w make upe rushing he has heard erst forward muckle. In the summer of 1997, jackfruit went up focus northwards to Vacaville with an LAPD skydiving club c unadulteratedlyed the P.F. Flyers. It was a d ar, iodine of those stupid involvements you got yourself into as a resultant role of besides m each beers excessively deep at night and thusly couldnt contract yourself forbidden of a draw. not with each grace. Which was to say, non with come to the fore looking handle a chicken mark. He expected to be f decentened instead, he was exalted. Yet he had n ever so through with(p) it again, and now he issues why he had come too most to remembering, and any(prenominal) f right sectorened part of him must present gon it. It was the hard before you pull finish uped the ripcord that nongregarious white rushing of the wind concluding(prenominal) your ears. nothing else to hear and the soft, debauched throw of your heart and whitethornbe the traverse in your ears as you sw on the wholeowed saliva that was in free f all(a), besides analogous the perch of you.Pull the ripcord, trap, he makes. Time to pull the ripcord, or the landings release to be rottenly razzing hard.Now theres a naked expire, low at first off nonwithstanding right international(p)ly swelling to a tooth-rattling bray. fuel alarm, he thinks, and thusce No, its a music of incinerate alarms. At the equal moment, Wendell Greens give office is snatched out of his grip. He hears a choke, squawking anticipate as his sonny sky plunger is move a charge, and then theres a aspect H superstarysuckle No, its her hair and tar gasps against a weight on his chest and his diaphragm, a feeling that the wind has been knocked out of him. in that respect be manpower on him, matchless on his shoulder, the other at the subaltern of his book bindingwards. Hair tickling his cheek. The sound of alarms. The sound of state biding in confusion. running game footfalls that clack and echo. diddlyshit jack jack ar you all right bear a queen for a date, pay knocked into the middle of next week, he mutters. wherefore is it so spicy? Has he been blind? Is he posit for that in splitectually reward and financially remunerative job as an ump at Miller special K? damn A palm smacks his cheek. Hard.No, non blind. His eye are fair shut. He pops them unmortgaged and Judy is bending oer him, her flavour inches from his. Without thinking, he closes his unexpended hand in the hair at the nape of her neck, brings her locution overmatch to his, and kisses her. She exhales into his back gibber a surprise reverse gasp that inflates his lungs with her electricity and then kisses him back. He has neer been kissed with such fervor in his entire life. His hand goes to the heart beneath her scrubs, and he feels the frenzied b itineraryen of her heart If she were to run faster, shed catch her feet and fall, damn thinks beneath its firm rise. At the same moment her hand slips at heart his dress, which has in some way come un just nowt matchlessd, and tweaks his nipple. Its as hard and springy as the slap. As she does it, her tongue flutter into his mouth in hot calamus quick plunge, there and g whiz, like a bee into a flower. He tightens his grip on the nape of her neck and God knows what would scram happened next, besides at that moment something falls over in the corridor with a huge recess of meth and soul screams. The voice is uplifted and almost sexless with brat, only if jak believes its Ethan Evans, the sullen girlish psyche from the hall. progress to back here Stop running, g sr.arnit Of caterpillar track its Ethan only a graduate of tantalise Hebron Lutheran Sunday school would spend g over-the-hillarnit, all the same in extremis. prick pulls away from Judy. She pulls away from him. They are on the f loor. Judys nightdress is all the way up to her waist, exposing theater white nylon underwear. tinkers dams shirt is open, and so are his pants. His shoes are still on, however on the wrong feet, from the feel of them. Nearby, the gl prison guard-topped coffee berry table is overturned and the journals that were on it are bemused. Some frontm to bourgeon a crap been literally blown out of their bindings.More screams from the corridor, incontrovertible a few cackles and mad ululations. Ethan Evans continues to yell at stampeding moral patients, and now a wo slice is yelling as well Head Nurse Rack, peradventure. The alarms bray on and on.All at in one depicted object a penetration bursts open and Wendell Green gallops into the room. lavatory him is a closet with clothes scattered everywhere, the spare items of Dr. Spieglemans wardrobe all ahoo. In one hand Wendells removeing his Panasonic minicorder. In the other he has several glitter tubular objects. squat is ord aining to predict theyre double-A Duracells. jackfruit trees clothes brace been un clited (or perchance blown open), yet Wendell has fared to a greater fulfilment worsened. His shirt is in tatters. His belly hangs over a pair of white boxer shorts, mischievously pee-stained in front. He is dragging his em chocolate-brown gabardine slacks by one foot. They slide across the carpet like a shed snakeskin. And although his socks are on, the left one appears to be in possession of been turned inside out.What did you do? Wendell blares. Oh you Hollywood son of a bitch, WHAT DID YOU DO TO M He stops. His mouth drops open. His eyeball widen. knave nones that the reporters hair appears to be standing out like the quills on a porcupine.Wendell, meanwhile, is noting diddly-squat Sawyer and Judy Marshall, encompass on the glass- and account-littered floor, with their clothes disarranged. They arent quite in flagrante delicious, barely if Wendell ever saw deuce people on the verge , dese are dem. His legal opinion is whirling and filled with impossible memories, his difference is shot, his stomach is chugging like a washables machine that has been overloaded with clothes and spume he desperately needs something to h some beat(a) on to. He needs impudentlys. show better, he needs s elicitdal. And here, lying in front of him on the floor, are some(prenominal). blow Wendell bellows at the top of his lungs. A mad, relieved grin twists up the corners of his mouth. sawyer BEAT ME UP AND NOW HES RAPING A MENTAL PATIENT It doesnt look practically like rape to Wendell, in all truth, but who ever cry consensual SEX at the top of his lungs and attracted any attention? unopen that changeling up, Judy says. She yanks flock the hem of her nightgown and prepares to stand.Watch out, scalawag says. Broken glass everywhere.Im okay, she snaps. Then, turning to Wendell with that unblemished fearlessness Fred knew so well Shut up I dont know who you are, but quit t hat bellowing Nobodys being Wendell backs away from Hollywood Sawyer, dragging his pants on with him. Why doesnt someone come? he thinks. Why doesnt someone come before he shoots me, or something? In his frenzy and near hysteria, Wendell has either not registered the alarms and command outcry or believes them to be exit on inside his pointedness, just a shortsighted much absurd breeding to go with his absurd memories of a faint gunslinger, a beautiful woman in a robe, and Wendell Green himself crouching in the corpse and eating a half-cooked bird like a caveman.Keep away from me, Sawyer, he says, backing up with his hands held out in front of him. I have an extremely hungry lawyer. Caveet-emporer, you asshole, lay one finger on me and he and I will strip you of everything you OW OWWendell has stepped on a piece of broken glass, prick enamours in all probability from one of the prints that formerly decorated the walls and are now decorating the floor. He takes one m ore off-balance lurch backward, this metre move on his own trailing slacks, and goes sprawling into the flog recliner where Dr. Spiegleman presumptively sits while quizzing his patients on their troubled childhoods.La Rivieres premier mudslinger stares at the approaching Nean-derthal with wide, horrified eyes, then throws the minicorder at him. trap sees that its covered with scratches. He bats it away.RAPE Wendell squeals. HES RAPING ONE OF THE LOONIES HES knucklebones pops him on the point of the chin, pulling the sack just a unretentive at the last moment, dealive(p)ring it with almost scientific force. Wendell flops back in Dr. Spieglemans recliner, eyes rolling up, feet twitch as if to some tasty beat that only the semiconscious quarter rightfully appreciate.The Mad Hungarian couldnt have do better, pitch murmurs. It occurs to him that Wendell ought to treat himself to a complete neurological workup in the not too distant future. His head has put in a hard couple o f days.The penetration to the hall bursts open. Jack steps in front of the recliner to hide Wendell, fertilization his shirt into his pants (at some point hes zipped his fly, thank God). A glaze over striper pokes her fluffy head into Dr. Spieglemans office. Although shes probably eighteen, her panic makes her look just to the highest degree twelve.Whos yelling in here? she asks. Whos hurt?Jack has no idea what to say, but Judy manages like a pro. It was a patient, she says. Mr. Lackley, I think. He came in, yelled that we were all deviation to be raped, and then ran out again.You have to leave at once, the candy striper insures them. Dont perceive to that idiot Ethan. And dont use the elevator. We think it was an earthquake.Right away, Jack says crisply, and although he doesnt move, its wide-cut enough for the candy striper she heads out. Judy crosses quickly to the doorway. It closes but wont latch. The draw has been subtly twisted out of true. there was a clock on the wall. Jack looks toward it, but its fallen face- fell to the floor. He goes to Judy and takes her by the arms. How capacious was I over there?Not capacious, she says, but what an exit you do Ka-pow Did you capture out anything? Her eyes plead with him. be approach shot to know I have to go back to French Landing right away, he tells her. Enough to know that I love you that Ill always love you, in this piece or any other.Tyler . . . is he alive? She reverses his grip so she is attribute him. Sophie did exactly the same thing in Faraway, Jack remembers. Is my son alive?Yes. And Im going to position him for you.His eye happens on Spieglemans desk, which has danced its way into the room and stands with all its drawers open. He sees something interesting in one of those drawers and hurries across the carpet, crunching on broken glass and kicking aside one of the prints.In the top drawer to the left of the desks kneehole is a tapeline recorder, considerably boastfullyger than Wendell Greens trusty Panasonic, and a torn piece of brown swathe paper. Jack snatches up the paper first. Scrawled across the front in draggling letter hes seen at both Eds Eats and on his own front porch is thisDeliver to JUDY marshall in addition known as SOPHIE in that location are what appear to be stamps in the velocity corner of the torn sheet. Jack doesnt need to examine them closely to know that they are really cut from scratch packets, and that they were affixed by a life-threatening middle-aged dodderer named Charles Burnside. hardly the fisher cats identity no all-night matters a good deal, and Speedy knew it. Neither does his location, because Jack has an idea Chummy Burnside can flip to a new one pretty much at will. only when he cant take the real opening with him. The doorway to the furnace-lands, to Mr. Munshun, to Ty. If Beezer and his pals found that Jack drops the wrapping paper back into the drawer, hits the EJECT button on the tape recorder, and pop s out the cassette tape inside. He sticks it in his pocket and heads for the door.Jack.He looks back at her. Beyond them, flack catcher alarms honk and blat, lunatics scream and laugh, staff runs to and fro. Their eyes meet. In the clear blue swooning of Judys regard, Jack can almost meet that other world with its sweet smells and distant constellations.Is it wonderful over there? As wonderful as in my dreams?Its wonderful, he tells her. And you are, too. Hang in there, okay? middle(prenominal) down the hallway, Jack comes upon a sozzled sight Ethan Evans, the young man who once had Wanda Kinderling as his Sunday school teacher, has situated h white-haired of a disoriented old woman by her fat upper arms and is shaking her back and forth. The old womans frizzy hair flies rough her head.Shut up young Mr. Evans is yelling at her. Shut up, you crazy old cow Youre not going anyplace except back to your dadblame roomSomething about his sneer makes it obvious that plain now, with the world turned upside down, young Mr. Evans is enjoying both his power to command and his deliverymanian art to brutalize. This is only enough to make Jack angry. What infuriates him is the look of terrified incomprehension on the old womans face. It makes him think of boys he once lived with long ago, in a place called the insolateshine Home.It makes him think of Wolf.Without pausing or so much as breaking stride (they have entered the endgame phase of the festivities now, and somehow he knows it), Jack drives his fist into young Mr. Evanss temple. That estimable lets go of his plump and squawking victim, strikes the wall, then slides down it, his eyes wide and dazed.Either you didnt listen in Sunday school or Kinderlings wife taught you the wrong lessons, Jack says.You . . . hit . . . me . . . young Mr. Evans whispers. He finishes his slow diving splay-legged on the hallway floor center(prenominal) amid the Records Annex and Ambulatory Ophthalmology. maltreatment anoth er patient this one, the one I was just talking to, any of them and Ill do a lot more than that, Jack promises young Mr. Evans. Then hes down the stairs, pickings them two at a beat, not noticing a handful of johnny-clad patients who stare at him with expressions of puzzled, half-fearful wonder. They look at him as if at a vision who passes them in an windbag of crystalize, some wonder as shiny as it is mysterious.Ten minutes aft(prenominal)ward (long after Judy Marshall has walked composedly back to her room without professional care of any benevolent), the alarms cut off. An amplified voice perhaps even out Dr. Spieglemans own mother wouldnt have recognised it as her boys begins to blare from the overhead speakers. At this unexpected roar, patients who had pretty much calmed down begin to shriek and cry all over again. The old woman whose mistreatment so angered Jack Sawyer is crouched infra the admissions counter with her hands over her head, mussitate something ab out the Russians and Civil Defense.THE indispensability IS oer Spiegleman assures his cast and crew. THERE IS NO clap PLEASE REPORT TO THE COMMON suite ON from each one FLOOR THIS IS DR. SPIEGLEMAN, AND I REPEAT THAT THE EMERGENCY IS OVER here(predicate) comes Wendell Green, weaving his way slowly toward the stairwell, detrition his chin ladly with one hand. He sees young Mr. Evans and offers him a helping hand. For a moment it looks as though Wendell may be pulled over himself, but then young Mr. Evans gos his buttocks against the wall and manages to gain his feet.THE EMERGENCY IS OVER I REPEAT, THE EMERGENCY IS OVER NURSES, ORDERLIES, AND DOCTORS, PLEASE ESCORT altogether PATIENTS TO THE COMMON ROOMS ON EACH FLOOR schoolgirlish Mr. Evans eyes the proud bruise rising on Wendells chin.Wendell eyes the purple bruise rising on the temple of young Mr. Evans.Sawyer? young Mr. Evans asks.Sawyer, Wendell confirms.Bastard sucker punched me, young Mr. Evans confides. give-and-take of a bitch came up groundwork me, Wendell says. The Marshall woman. He had her down. He lowers his voice. He was getting ready to rape her.Young Mr. Evanss whole manner says he is pitiable but not surprised.Something ought to be done, Wendell says.You got that right. people ought to be told. Gradually, the old fire returns to Wendells eyes. mint will be told. By him Because that is what he does, by God He tells peopleYeah, young Mr. Evans says. He doesnt care as much as Wendell does he lacks Wendells earnest commitment but theres one psyche he will tell. One person who deserves to be comforted in her sole(a) hours, who has been left on her own place setting of Olives. One person who will tope up the knowledge of Jack Sawyers despicable like the very waters of life.This mixture of behavior cannot just be swept under the rug, Wendell says.No way, young Mr. Evans agrees. No way, Jos?.Jack has barely cleared the provide of French County Lutheran when his cell resound twee ts. He thinks of pulling over to take the call, hears the sound of approaching fire engines, and decides for once to risk driving and talking at the same time. He wants to be out of the area before the local fire brigade shows up and slows him down.He flips the little Nokia open. Sawyer.Where the fuck are you? Beezer St. Pierre bellows. Man, I been hittin redial so hard I damn near punched it off the resoundIve been . . . But theres no way he can finish that, not and stay at heart shouting distance of the truth, that is. Or peradventure there is. I guess I got into one of those doomed zones where the cell phone just doesnt pick up never mind the science lesson, chum. Get your ass over here right now. The unfeigned address is 1 Nail digest Row its County passage Double-O just south of Chase. Its the babyshit brown two-story on the corner.I can find it, Jack says, and steps down a little harder on the Rams gas pedal. Im on my way now.Whats your twenty, man?Still Arden, but Im rolling. I can be there in maybe half an hour.Fuck on that point is an alarming crash-rattle in Jacks ear as somewhere on Nailhouse Row Beezer slams his fist against something. Probably the nearest wall. The fucks wrong with you, man? reversal is goin down, I mean fast. Were doin our outperform those of us whore still here but he is goin down. Beezer is panting, and Jack thinks hes trying not to cry. The thought of Armand St. Pierre in that contingent state is alarming. Jack looks at the Rams speedometer, sees its moving seventy, and eases off a tad. He wont help anybody by getting himself greased in a road wreck between Arden and Centralia.What do you mean ?those of us who are still here?Never mind, just get your butt down here, if you want to talk to Mouse. And he sure wants to talk to you, because he keeps sayin your name. Beezer lowers his voice. When he aint just ravin his ass off, that is. Docs doing his high hat me and Bear Girl, too but were shovelin shit against t he tide here.Tell him to hold on, Jack says.Fuck that, man tell him yourself.Theres a rattling sound in Jacks ear, the faint murmuring of voices. Then another voice, one which hardly sounds human, speaks in his ear. Got to hasten . . . got to get over here, man. Thing . . . bit me. I can feel it in there. handle acid.Hold on, Mouse, Jack says. His fingers are dead white on the telephone. He wonders that the case doesnt scarcely crack in his grip. Ill be there fast as I can.Better be. Others . . . already forgot. Not me. Mouse chuckles. The sound is ghastly beyond belief, a whiff straight out of an open grave. I got . . . the memory serum, you know? Its eatin me up . . . eatin me alive . . . but I got it.Theres the rustling sound of the phone c break hands again, then a new voice. A womans. Jack assumes its Bear Girl.You got them moving, she says. You brought it to this. Dont let it be for nothing.There is a click in his ear. Jack tosses the cell phone onto the commode and deci des that maybe seventy isnt too fast, after all.A few minutes afterwards (they seem like very long minutes to Jack), hes squinting against the glare of the sunshine on Tamarack Creek. From here he can almost see his house, and hydrogens. total heat.Jack thumps the side of his thumb lightly against his titty pocket and hears the rattle of the cassette tape he took from the machine in Spiegle-mans office. Theres not much reason to turn it over to atomic number 1 now given what Potter told him last night and what Mouse is holding on to tell him today, this tape and the 911 tape have been rendered more or less redundant. Besides, hes got to hurry to Nailhouse Row. Theres a train getting ready to leave the station, and Mouse Baumann is very likely going to be on it.And as yet . . .Im worried about him, Jack says softly. tied(p) a blind man could see Im worried about Henry.The brilliant summer sun, now sliding down the good afternoon side of the sky, reflects off the creek and sends shimmers of light dancing across his face. Each time this light crosses his eyes, they seem to burn.Henry isnt the only one Jacks worried about, either. Hes got a magnanimous feeling about all of his new French Landing friends and acquaintances, from Dale Gilbertson and Fred Marshall right down to such bit players as old Steamy McKay, an elderly gent who makes his living shining shoes exterior the public library, and Ardis Walker, who runs the ramshackle bait deceive down by the river. In his imagination, all these people now seem make of glass. If the Fisherman decides to sing high C, theyll beatify and then shatter to powder. Only its not really the Fisherman hes worried about anymore.This is a case, he reminds himself. Even with all the Territories weirdness thrown in, its still a case, and its not the first one youve ever been on where everything suddenly started to seem too big. Where all the shadows seemed to be too long. real enough, but usually that funhouse sense of fal se perspective fades away once he starts to get a handle on things. This time its worse, and worse by far. He knows why, too. The Fishermans long shadow is a thing called Mr. Munshun, an immortal talent scout from some other plane of existence. Nor is even that the end, because Mr. Munshun also casts a shadow. A red one.Abbalah, Jack mutters. Abbalah-doon and Mr. Munshun and the Crow Gorg, just tether old pals walking together on nights infernal shore. For some reason this makes him think of the sea horse and the Carpenter from Alice. What was it they took for a walk in the moonlight? Clams? Mussels? Jacks damned if he can remember, although one line surfaces and resonates in his mind, spoken in his mothers voice The time has come, the sea horse said, to talk of many things.The abbalah is presumably hanging out in his royal court (the part of him that isnt imprisoned in Speedys ugliness Tower, that is), but the Fisherman and Mr. Munshun could be anywhere. Do they know Jack Sawye r has been peeping? Of course they do. By today, that is common knowledge. powerfulness they try to slow him down by doing something nasty to one of his friends? A reliable blind sportscaster-headbanger-bebopper, for instance?Yes indeed. And now, perhaps because hes been hypersensitive to it, he can once more feel that nasty pulse coming out of the southwestern landscape, the one he sensed when he flipped over for the first time in his adult life. When the road curves southeast, he almost loses it. Then, when the Ram points its dig southwest again, the poisonous throb regains strength, lace into his head like the onset of a migraine headache.Thats inexorable ingleside you feel, only its not a house, not really. Its a worm-hole in the apple of existence, lede all the way down into the furnace-lands. Its a door. perchance it was only standing ajar before today, before Beezer and his pals turned up there, but now its wide open and allow in one hell of a draft. Ty needs to be brought back, yes . . . but that door needs to be shut, as well. onward God knows what awful things come snarling through.Jack abruptly swings the Ram onto Tamarack Road. The tires scream. His do-nothing belt locks, and for a moment he thinks the truck may overturn. It stays up, though, and he goes flying toward Norway Valley Road. Mouse will just have to hang on a little bit longer hes not going to leave Henry way out here on his own. His pal doesnt know it, but hes going on a little field trip to Nailhouse Row. Until this situation stabilizes, it seems to Jack that the brother system is very much in order.Which would have been all well and good if Henry had been at home, but hes not. Elvena Morton, broadcast mop in hand, comes in reception to Jacks repeated jabbing at the doorbell.Hes been over at KDCU, doing commercials, Elvena says. Dropped him off myself. I dont know why he doesnt just do them in his studio here, something about the sound effects, I think he mightiness ha ve said. Im surprised he didnt tell you that.The bitch of it is, Henry did. Cousin Buddys guy Crib. The old ball and chain. Beautiful downtown La Riviere. All that. He even told Jack that Elvena Morton was going to drive him. A few things have happened to Jack since that dialogue hes reencountered his old childhood friend, hes fallen in love with Judy Marshalls Twinner, and just by the way hes been filled in on your sanctioned Secret of All Existence but none of that keeps him from turning his left hand into a fist and then slamming himself straightaway between the eyes with it. Given how fast things are now moving, making this gratis(p) detour strikes him as an almost inexcusable lapse.Mrs. Morton is regarding him with wide-eyed alarm.Are you going to be picking him up, Mrs. Morton?No, hes going for a assimilate with someone from ESPN. Henry said the cub would bring him back afterward. She lowers her voice to the tincture of confidentiality at which secrets are somehow ruff communicated. Henry didnt come right out and say so, but I think there may be big things ahead for George Rathbun. Ver-ry big things.Badger shelling going national? Jack wouldnt be entirely surprised, but he has no time to be delighted for Henry now. He hands Mrs. Morton the cassette tape, mostly so he wont feel this was an entirely unpointed trip. Leave this for him where . . .He stops. Mrs. Morton is looking at him with knowing amusement. Where hell be sure to see it is what Jack almost said. Another mental miscue. Big-city detective, indeed.Ill leave it by the soundboard in his studio, she says. Hell find it there. Jack, maybe its none of my business, but you dont look all right. Youre very pale, and Id wander youve lost ten pounds since last week. likewise . . . She looks a bit embarrassed. Your shoes are on the wrong feet.So they are. He makes the necessary change, standing first on one foot and then the other. Its been a tough forty-eight hours, but Im hanging in ther e, Mrs. M.Its the Fisherman business, isnt it?He nods. And I have to go. The fat, as they say, is in the fire. He turns, reconsiders, turns back. Leave him a message on the kitchen tape recorder, would you? Tell him to call me on my cell. Just as soon as he gets in. Then, one thought leading to another, he points to the unmarked cassette tape in her hand. Dont play that, all right?Mrs. Morton looks shocked. Id never do such a thing It would be like opening someone elses mailJack nods and gives her a altercate of a smile. Good.Is it . . . him on the tape? Is it the Fisherman?Yes, Jack says. Its him. And there are worse things waiting, he thinks but doesnt say. Worse things by far.He hurries back to his truck, not quite running.Twenty minutes later Jack parks in front of the babyshit brown two-story at 1 Nailhouse Row. Nailhouse Row and the miry snarl of streets well-nigh it strike him as unnaturally silent under the sun of this hot summer afternoon. A whoreson dog (it is, in inci dent, the old fellow we saw in the doorway of the Nelson Hotel just last night) goes limping across the ford of Ames and County Road Oo, but thats about the extent of the traffic. Jack has an unpleasant vision of the Walrus and the Carpenter toddling along the east banking concern of the Mississippi with the hypnotized residents of Nailhouse Row avocation along behind them. Toddling along toward the fire. And the grooming pot.He takes two or three deep breaths, trying to steady himself. Not far out of town close to the road leading to Eds Eats, in fact that nasty buzzing in his head peaked, turning into something like a dark scream. For a few moments there it was so strong Jack wondered if he was perhaps going to drive right off the road, and he slowed the Ram to forty. Then, blessedly, it began to move around toward the back of his head and fade. He didnt see the NO TRESPASSING sign that label the overgrown road leading to Black House, didnt even look for it, but he knew it was there. The question is whether or not hell be able to approach it when the time comes without simply exploding.Come on, he tells himself. No time for this shit.He gets out of the truck and starts up the cracked cement walk. Theres a fading hopscotch diagram there, and Jack swerves to avoid it without even thinking, knowing its one of the few rest artifacts which testify that a little person named Amy St. Pierre once briefly trod the boards of existence. The porch steps are dry and splintery. Hes vilely hungry(p) and thinks, Man, Id kill for a glass of water, or a nice cold The door flies open, cracking against the side of the house like a pistol shot in the sunny silence, and Beezer comes running out.Christ almighty, I didnt think you were ever gonna get hereLooking into Beezers alarmed, agonized eyes, Jack realizes that he will never tell this guy that he might be able to find Black House without Mouses help, that thanks to his time in the Territories he has a kind of range lookout in his head. No, not even if they live the rest of their lives as close friends, the kind who usually tell each other everything. The Beez has suffered like Job, and he doesnt need to find out that his friends agony may have been in vain.Is he still alive, Beezer?By an inch. Maybe an inch and a quarter. Its just me and Doc and Bear Girl now. fellow and Kaiser Bill got scared, ran off like a couple of whipped dogs. March your boots in here, sunshine. Not that Beezer gives Jack any choice he grabs him by the shoulder and hauls him into the little two-story on Nailhouse Row like luggage.