Zero Hour Contracts in the Hospitality Industry Essay

Party time Contracts in the Hospitality Industry - Essay Example Recognizably, such an agreement is contended to have the two negatives and positives impacting the responsibility levels of both the business and the representative and henceforth, influencing hierarchical effectiveness on the loose. Nonetheless, such agreement goes with viewpoints including absence of occupation and money related security for the workers and absence of accessibility of talented and steadfast staff for the organization. With due contemplations to every one of these angles, certain suggestions have been made to Hyatt Regency London while applying the arrangement of party time contract. The Policy Background The arrangement delineated in this instructions depends on the idea of ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts. As the name itself proposes, ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts is a sort of business contract that is generally utilized in the UK in consistence with the Employment Rights Act of 1996 of the nation. Fundamentally, this agreement is attracted a composed arran gement, where it contains an announcement with respect to the terms and states of business worked in the midst of a business and a representative. Under such agreements, a business doesn't ensure a worker to give work and pays to the work that is really being finished. In exact, the agreement gives right to the businesses that empowers them to accept an approach staffs when they are not required and doesn't pay them for that span, which further makes the whole procedure a period proficient one. It has as of late been one of the significant issues and a segment of broad discussion around the world. It very well may be considered as a rising issue in different areas of business including the accommodation business inferable from the way that it viewed as a methodology, which bosses find alluring as it is a serious cost sparing measure. In the accommodation segment, organizations are along these lines seen to enroll staff individuals based on ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts. In any case, it is regarded that the part of ‘Zero-Hour ’ Contracts isn't exactly a productive possibility for the representatives for what it's worth for the businesses in the UK inn industry, as they are just entitled for pay ostensible installment for the period they really worked for the business with no budgetary security. In addition, the idea of ‘Zero-Hour ’ Contracts is likewise appear to disregard a portion of the key work rights that further make it a difficult issue inside and out (Grice, 2013; ACAS, 2012). Since, the idea has certain significant preferences and escape clauses simultaneously; its broad execution has become very questionable and a significant purpose of conversation, which further presents it as a significant issue in the cutting edge setting. As tended to over, the arrangement of ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts impactsly affects both the business and the workers as the significant partners of the strategy issue. Attributable to this agreement, businesses are qualified for be profited with more prominent adaptability to satisfy the needs of the clients. It additionally lessens cost of the organization as next to no must be spent on representative enlistment and preparing. Moreover, according to the agreement, representatives will have the option to get adaptable hours to keep up a superior work-life balance. These viewpoints urge numerous to help the idea. While the opposers to the strategy issue contend upon specific realities including infringement of business rights and compensation installment approach under such agreements (Grice, 2013; ACAS, 2012; Barnett and Scrope, 2008). Evaluation of the Debate to Date The idea of Zero-Hour ’ Contracts has become a significance subject of discussion everywhere throughout the world, particularly in the accommodation

USS Nevada (BB-36) in World War II

USS Nevada (BB-36) in World War II USS Nevada (BB-36) was the lead boat of the Nevada-class of war vessels which were worked for the US Navy somewhere in the range of 1912 and 1916. The Nevada-class was the first to fuse a lot of structure qualities that would be utilized in a progression of American warship classes during the years around World War I (1914-1918). Entering administration in 1916, Nevada quickly served abroad during the last a very long time of World War I. The interwar period saw the ship participate in different preparing practices in both the Atlantic and Pacific. On December 7, 1941, Nevada was secured in Pearl Harbor when the Japanese assaulted. The main ship to get in progress during the assault, it supported some harm before grounding on Hospital Point. Fixed and intensely modernized, Nevada participated in the crusade in the Aleutians before coming back to the Atlantic. Serving in Europe, it gave maritime gunfire support during theâ invasions of Normandy and Southern France. Coming back to the Pacific, Nevada partook in the last battles against Japan and was later utilized as an objective boat during the nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll. Plan Approved by Congress on March 4, 1911, the agreement for building USS Nevada (BB-36) was given to the Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy, MA. Set down on November 4 of the next year, the battleship’s configuration was progressive for the US Navy as it fused a few key attributes that would get standard on future boats of the sort. Among these was the incorporation of oil-terminated boilers rather than coal, the disposal of amidships turrets, and the utilization of a â€Å"all or nothing† protection plot. These highlights turned out to be adequately regular on future vessels that Nevada was viewed as the first of the Standard-kind of US warship. Of these changes, the move to oil was made with the objective of expanding the ship’s extend as the US Navy felt that would be basic in any potential maritime clash with Japan. In planning Nevada’s defensive layer assurance, maritime designers sought after a â€Å"all or nothing† approach which implied that basic regions of the boat, for example, magazines and building, were vigorously secured while less fundamental spaces were left unarmored. This sort of defensive layer game plan later got typical in both the US Navy and those abroad. While past American ships had highlighted turrets found fore, rearward, and amidships, Nevada’s configuration put the weapon at the bow and harsh and was first to incorporate the utilization of triple turrets. Mounting an aggregate of ten 14-inch weapons, Nevada’s deadly implement was set in four turrets (two twin and two triple) with five firearms at each finish of the boat. In an investigation, the ship’s drive framework included new Curtis turbines while its sister transport, USS Oklahoma (BB-37), was given more established triple-extension steam motors. USS Nevada (BB-36) Overview Country: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: Fore River Shipbuilding CompanyLaid Down: November 4, 1912Launched: July 11, 1914Commissioned: March 11, 1916Fate: Sunk as focus on July 31, 1948 Details (as fabricated) Uprooting: 27,500 tonsLength: 583 ft.Beam: 95 ft., 3 in.Draft: 28 ft., 6 in.Propulsion: Geared Curtis turbines turning 2 x propellersSpeed: 20.5 knotsRange: 9,206 miles at 10 knotsComplement: 864 men Deadly implement Weapons 10 Ãâ€"14 in. weapon (2 Ãâ€"3, 2 Ãâ€"2 superfiring)21 Ãâ€"5 in. guns2 or 4 Ãâ€"21 in. torpedo tubes Airplane 3 x airplane Development Entering the water on July 11, 1914 with Eleanor Seibert, the niece of the Governor of Nevada, as support, Nevada’s dispatch was gone to by Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt. In spite of the fact that Fore River finished work on the boat in late 1915, the US Navy required a broad arrangement of ocean preliminaries before dispatching because of the progressive idea of a significant number of the ship’s frameworks. These started on November 4 and saw the boat lead various runs along the New England coast. Finishing these assessments, Nevada put into Boston where it got extra gear before being appointed on March 11, 1916, with Captain William S. Sims in order. World War I Joining the US Atlantic Fleet at Newport, RI, Nevada directed preparing practices along the East Coast and Caribbean during 1916. Based at Norfolk, VA, the warship was at first held in American waters following the United States’ entrance into World War I in April 1917. This was because of a deficiency of fuel oil in Britain. Accordingly, the coal-terminated warships of Battleship Division Nine were dispatched to increase the British Grand Fleet. In August 1918, Nevada got requests to cross the Atlantic. Joining USS Utah (BB-31) and Oklahoma at Berehaven, Ireland, the three boats framed Rear Admiral Thomas S. Rodgers’ Battleship Division 6. Working from Bantry Bay, they filled in as guard accompanies in the ways to deal with the British Isles. Staying in this obligation until the finish of the war, Nevada never discharged a shot out of frustration. That December, the ship accompanied the liner George Washington, with President Woodrow Wilson on board, into Brest, France. Cruising for New York on December 14, Nevada and its countrymen showed up twelve days after the fact and were welcomed by triumph marches and festivities. Interwar Years Serving in the Atlantic during the following barely any years Nevada ventured out to Brazil in September 1922 for the centennial of that nation’s autonomy. Later moving to the Pacific, the warship led an altruism voyage through New Zealand and Australia in pre-fall 1925. Notwithstanding the US Navy’s want to achieve conciliatory objectives, the voyage was expected to show the Japanese that the US Pacific Fleet was equipped for directing tasks a long way from its bases. Showing up at Norfolk in August 1927, Nevada started a huge modernization program. While in the yard, engineers included torpedo swells just as expanded Nevada’s level defensive layer. To make up for the additional weight, the ship’s old boilers were evacuated and less new, yet progressively effective, ones introduced alongside new turbines. The program additionally observed Nevada’s torpedo tubes evacuated, hostile to airplane barriers expanded, and an adjustment of its optional deadly implement. Topside, the scaffold structure was adjusted, new tripod poles supplanted the more seasoned grid ones, and present day fire control gear introduced. Work on the boat was finished in January 1930 and it before long rejoined the US Pacific Fleet. Staying with that unit for the following decade, it forward sent to Pearl Harbor in 1940 as strains with Japan expanded. On the morning of December 7, 1941, Nevada was single-secured off Ford Island when the Japanese assaulted. Pearl Harbor Conceded a level of mobility because of its area that its countrymen on Battleship Row needed, Nevada was the main American war vessel to get in progress as Japanese struck. Working its way down the harbor, the ship’s hostile to airplane heavy weapons specialists battled valiantly however the boat immediately continued a torpedo hit followed by five bomb strikes. The remainder of these happened as it approached the channel to untamed water. Expecting that Nevada may sink and deter the channel, its team stranded the war vessel on Hospital Point. With the finish of the assault, the boat had endured 50 murdered and 109 injured. In the weeks after, rescue groups initiated fixes on Nevada and on February 12, 1942, the warship was refloated. After extra fixes were made at Pearl Harbor, the warship moved to Puget Sound Navy Yard for extra work and modernization. Modernization Staying in the yard until October 1942, Nevada’s appearance was drastically adjusted and when it developed it seemed to be like the more up to date South Dakota-class. Gone were ship’s tripod poles and its enemy of airplane safeguards had been significantly moved up to incorporate new double reason 5-inch firearms, 40 mm weapons, and 20 mm firearms. After investigation and preparing travels, Nevada partook in Vice Admiral Thomas Kinkaid’s crusade in the Aleutians and upheld the freedom of Attu. With the end the battling, the warship segregated and steamed for additional modernization at Norfolk. That fall, Nevada started accompanying caravans to Britain during the Battle of the Atlantic. The incorporation of capital ships, for example, Nevada was planned to give insurance against German surface marauders, for example, Tirpitz. Europe Serving in this job into April 1944, Nevada at that point joined Allied maritime powers in Britain to get ready for the attack of Normandy. Cruising as Rear Admiral Morton Deyo’s lead, the battleship’s weapons beat German focuses on June 6 as Allied soldiers started landing. Staying seaward for the greater part of the month, Nevada’s firearms gave fire backing to powers shorewards and the boat earned applause for the exactness of its fire. In the wake of diminishing the seaside protections around Cherbourg, the warship moved to the Mediterranean where it gave fire backing to the Operation Dragoon arrivals in August. Striking German focuses in southern France, Nevada repeated its exhibition in Normandy. Over the span of activities, it broadly dueled the batteries safeguarding Toulon. Steaming for New York in September, Nevada entered port and had its 14-inch weapons relined. Also, the firearms in Turret 1 were supplanted with tubes taken from the disaster area of USS Arizona (BB-39.) Pacific Continuing tasks in mid 1945, Nevada traveled the Panama Canal and joined Allied powers off Iwo Jima on February 16. Partaking in the attack of the island, the ship’s firearms added to the pre-intrusion barrage and later gave di

Crisis Management Communication Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emergency Management Communication - Case Study Example Timothy Coombs built up a three-stage situational emergency correspondence hypothesis that has been embraced by associations to deal with the emergency. As per this model, correspondence during an emergency makes three strides which incorporate the pre-emergency correspondence approach, emergency the executives correspondence and post emergency draws near. In 2010, British Petroleum (BP) experienced one of the significant emergency to influence the organization when one of its seaward boring destinations released, prompting a significant spill in the inlet of Mexico. This spillage prompted the loss of 11 lives and the loss of a huge number of gallons of unrefined petroleum from the penetrating store (Coombs and Holladay, 2001). The spillage influenced the notoriety of the organization as it was presented to significant media investigation as their moderation approaches were under investigation. Be that as it may, with the assistance of the United States government, the oil slick was contained and the organization repaid the individuals who lost their lives in the emergency. In this paper, Coombs situational correspondence model during the emergency will be utilized to assess the methodologies that were embraced during the emergency. The organization’s capacity to get ready for the emergency and address the worries during the emergency will be tended to. Toward the finish of the emergency, the organization was left with a polluted picture from huge media examination making post-emergency correspondence approaches fundamental to decide how the organization recaptured its picture (Wolf and Merji, 2013). Pre-emergency correspondence is an expectant methodology embraced by associations to get ready for how to deal with the weights of an emergency and how the emergency may uncover them in a terrible light. During this stage, early indications of an emergency are assessed and the organization puts forth berserk attempts to address them and guarantee that any difficulties that may emerge are tended to immediately. Before the BP oil emergency, a break of concrete seals at the bottoms of the wells was noted.â

Tips for Writing Business School Essay Samples

Tips for Writing Business School Essay SamplesOne of the greatest things about business school essay samples is that they come in all sorts of formats. They can be easy to follow or complex and therefore require some bit of thought to use. But when it comes to essay writing, finding the right format is essential.Online business school essays are easier to use and can also be custom made to suit your needs. The great thing about online writing, aside from the fact that it is quick and efficient, is that there are no extra costs. The only extra cost, you will have is when you need to print it out for printing. Because it is now a printed article, you can use a home printer and there are no shipping fees involved.Most online writers use a template. The templates are usually good enough to get started but make sure that you do not get bogged down with them and end up using them way too much. You may also want to download one of the many sample essays that are available to learn from and also to see what a good template is.If you are not averse to paying for a sample essays, you can find many. Some sites will sell them and others will simply provide the content for free. It really depends on the site. Either way, you will find that there are hundreds of them available.One of the best things about using these services is that they offer their services online as well as on their websites. This means that there is no need to type anything up and then mail it. All you need to do is type up a simple text file and then print it out at home. The service charges for this service, however, so it is good to know that you will not have to pay for something that you can do yourself.If you have an idea for an essay, you should definitely start writing the essay. Many will actually pay you for the essay, if you will allow them to. If you are not allowed to write the essay for free, there is another option. You can always pay for the essay, but you may find that the essay you will be given is not as good as you hoped.Business school essay samples are worth the effort to get your essay right. Remember, the more specific the information is, the better.

Brief Overview Of Education System Of Pakistan And China...

Brief Overview of Education System in Pakistan Similarities and Dissimilarities in the Higher Education of Pakistan and China Name: Muhammad Saleem I.D Number: M2016127 Subject: Higher Education of China Assigned by: Professor Lee Saiqiang Dr. Han Jiying Semester: First Abstract The purpose of this paper is to fulfill the requirements of a final term paper of the first semester. This paper attempts to put the glance on the Education system of Pakistan and China. Firstly, it aims to introduce briefly the Education system of Pakistan historically and constitutionally. Secondly, it brings similarities in the Higher Education of China and Pakistan. More importantly, the influence of culture on learning styles of both Chinese and Pakistani students in the light of Confucianism and Islam. Finally, it brings dissimilarities in the basic to higher education of Pakistan and China. Introduction Brief overview of Education system in Pakistan Pakistan appeared on the map of the world on 14th August 1947. The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1973) in articles 37 (b) (c) and 25-A state that â€Å"the state will provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years within a minimum possible period and the state will remove the illiteracy from country†. The division of responsibilities between the provinces and center are defined by the Constitution of 1973. The Federal Ministry of Education has theShow MoreRelatedWhat’s the purpose of testing nuclear power in India?2001 Words   |  9 Pages India was criticised by some countries such as the United States or Japan and imposed sanctions due to the testing (Mohanty 2013). In response to India’s testing, five nuclear devices were tested and another nuclear device was exploded later by Pakistan (Mohanty 2013). 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The Cinematic Technique of Nausicaa Essay - 1603 Words

Our scene is set at Sandymount Shore where Leopold Bloom is attempting to rest for a moment. In what I feel is a sweet, sentimental style James Joyce writes, â€Å"Far away in the west the sun was setting and the last glow of all too fleeting day lingered lovingly on sea and strand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (U 13. 284). The waves of the bay splash near the weedgrown rocks. A quiet stillness washes over the bay and Bloom notices three girls sitting on the rocks enjoying the fresh air. That is the feeling that I get from reading the first few lines and my cinematically inspired rendition of the events in the first page. Thematically â€Å"Nausicaa† presents several motifs that resonate throughout the chapter and have lasting effects on the overall novel. Stuart Gilbert†¦show more content†¦The subject in reference to the concept of the painting in this chapter is chiefly Gerty MacDowell. Joyce lays the scene like an establishing shot of a movie, slowly revealing specific details about the setting. I can scarcely think of the sublime nature and aesthetics of painting without thinking of the mythology surrounding the Roman goddess, Venus and her representation of sex. Like Venus, Gerty acts as a vehicle of seduction. â€Å"Her woman’s instinct told her that she had raised the devil in him and at the thought a burning scarlet swept from throat to brow till the lovely colour of her face became a glorious rose† (U 13. 295). The art of the painting functions as an approach to describing Gerty’s seductive venture as Bloom’s detumescence. Unlike any other chapter, â€Å"Nausicaa† coincides with more than one organ, the eye and nose. The eye represents sight and visual perception. In a sense, the eye represents what is called the lens of the camera. Similar to film, the perception of an image is immediately changed upon being captured. Essentially upside down upon first glance, the eye operates similarly to a camera lens and turns the images right side up. Sight through the eye is the manner in which Bloom spots Gerty. The eye allows for Bloom’s recurrent tendencies of voyeurism. The narrator comments, â€Å"†¦looking and he kept on looking, looking†¦ O! then the Roman candle burst and it was like a sigh of O!† (U 13. 300) In thisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Wonderment and Awe: the Way of the Kami4711 Words   |  19 Pagesnarrative of the Miyazaki’s films, it seems that he is attempting to move away from the contemporary sense of Shinto and its associated political discourse, and is instead seeking to redefine and recapture the ancient form of Shinto via a kind of visual cinematic practice. Honouring the Kami In ancient Japan, naturally occurring phenomena that were particularly awe-inspiring were given the title of kami, or gods, and were sometimes thought to possess the power of speech. Around the time these beliefs

Project Management Report Of DBS Bank Singapore †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Report Of DBS Bank Singapore. Answer: Introduction: DBS Bank Singapore is a part of the DBS Group Ltd. and they are a leading group of financial services in Asia (Dbs.com., 2017). DBS has been following complete and effective governance for promoting the long term sustainable practices. They have been trying to support the charity activities and help those who are in need. Project Overview The project is developed for ensuring that the Singapore DBS Bank would be able to send its 10 employees to a charity organization for ensuring their association with the charity activities. The supporting of the charity activities by DBS Bank would be implied for ensuring that the bank gives profound support to those in need. Project Scope Statement Project objective Acording to Fang and Marle (2013), the projects have certain objectives that are set for ensuring that the operations of the project are aligned on the same platform. The project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization includes the following objectives, To develop the project of sending 10 employees of the Singapore based DBS Bank company to the charity organization To form the effective schedule plan along with risk management and communication planning Deliverables The deliverables for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization include the following points, Development of the signed project charter and initiation documents by Wednesday, 20th December, 2017 A Project Schedule Plan approved by Monday, 8th January, 2018 A Communication Plan approved by Thursday, 18th January, 2018 A Risk Plan applied by Thursday, 1st February, 2018 Registration of the names of the 10 employees selected by Monday, 19th February, 2018 Dropping of the 10 employees at the charity organization by Monday, 12th March, 2018 Milestones The Milestones of the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization are given in the table below, WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish 1.5 Review and Sign off the documents 1 day Wed 12/20/17 Wed 12/20/17 2.1 Kick off meeting 1 day Thu 12/21/17 Thu 12/21/17 2.2.5 Plan is approved 1 day Mon 1/8/18 Mon 1/8/18 2.3.3 Implying accurate communication medium with appropriate stakeholders 3 days Mon 1/15/18 Wed 1/17/18 2.3.4 Approval of the communication Plan 1 day Thu 1/18/18 Thu 1/18/18 2.4.4 Risk Mitigation Strategies are implied 2 days Mon 1/29/18 Tue 1/30/18 2.4.5 Risk Control is applied 2 days Wed 1/31/18 Thu 2/1/18 3.1.2 A list of the active employees is made for charity event 2 days Mon 2/5/18 Tue 2/6/18 3.1.5 Registration of the names of the 10 employees selected 4 days Wed 2/14/18 Mon 2/19/18 3.2.3 Profiling the charity organization 4 days Mon 2/26/18 Thu 3/1/18 3.2.4 Dropping the 10 employees at the location 7 days Fri 3/2/18 Mon 3/12/18 4 Project is Closed 1 day Tue 3/13/18 Tue 3/13/18 Table 1: Project Milestones Technical Requirements The project requires transportation of the 10 employees to charity organization and it would require the proper documentation and transportation medium of the employees to the charity organization. Limits and exclusions The project is limited to the sending of the 10 employees to the charity organization and it is bounded by the budget of 50,000 dollars and time of 4 months. Review with customer The review with the customer can be done by the help of the feedbacks attained from them by the use of the surveys and post project review (Walker, 2015). The checklist would also help in evaluating the project in terms of the customer satisfaction and expectation. Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix is developed for the implication of the time management and the integration of the number of platforms of the project (Fang Marle, (2013). The project priority matrix is helpful for the ranking of the basic project factors like cost, time, and scope in terms of their influence in the project. The priority matrix is formed for evaluating whether the factor would be treated as constrains, enhance, and accept for the project. Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization has been shown below, Time Scope Cost Justification Constrain ? The overall cost of the project is limited to its budget and hence the budget of the project would act as a constrain Enhance ? The scope of the project can be enhanced and it would result in improving the development of the effective development Accept ? The time taken for the project is bound to be accepted by the project team Table 2: Project Priority Matrix Explanation of the Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix is developed for the analysis of the factors of time, scope, and cost for the project of the To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization. The priority matrix has shown that the time factor would have to be accepted by the project team members. The project schedule is estimated and the project team would have to abide by the schedule developed and the time taken for the development of the project. The scope of the project is formed for the integration of the project activities involvement. The project team members would have to enhance the scope of the project so that they can get maximum benefit from the project. The cost of the project is a constraint for the development of the effective project operations. The limited amount of the resources has resulted in causing the limitation of the project. Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure is a modified chart diagram of the project activities list in a more classified and structured forms (Ruano?Mayoral et al., 2014). The integration of the sceptical form for the development of the structure for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization can be formed for understanding the development of the profound development. Details of the work packages The project schedule of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization is developed by using the waterfall methodology. The phases of the project are Initial Phase, Planning Phase, Execution Phase, and Closure Phase. However, the work packages of the project are project initial phase, schedule planning, communication planning, risk management plan, selection of the 10 employees, and sending them for charity organization. The work package of project initial phase consists of analysing the requirements of the project, initial documentation, development of the charter documents, submission of the documents, and review and sign off the documents activities. The work package of schedule planning consists of selection of plan methodology, outline of the plan is developed, reviewing the plan outline, plan is completely developed, and plan is approved activities. The work package of communication planning consists of analysis of the requirements of the communication, s election of the communication medium, implying accurate communication medium with appropriate stakeholders, and approval of the communication plan activities. The work package of risk management plan consists of risk analysis, risk prioritization, risk mitigation strategies are developed, risk mitigation strategies are implied, and risk control is applied activities. The work package of selection of the 10 employees consists of selection of the choosing option, a list of the active employees is made for charity event, employees are analysed in terms of their interest in charity, 10 employees are selected, and registration of the names of the 10 employees selected activities. The work package of sending them for charity organization consists of knowing the location of the charity organization, selecting the transportation medium, profiling the charity organization, and dropping the 10 employees at the location activities. Cost Estimation The cost estimation is developed for the approximation of the overall expenses that would be required for the project budget (Maleki, Ghaffari Masdari, 2014). The cost estimation can be done by the help of both top down and bottom up approaches. The top down approach used the cost estimation starting from the final deliverable or the project goal and it is divided into smaller chunks for calculation. The bottom up approach uses the resource cost estimation and adding them for forming the final deliverable for the project. Cost Estimation WBS Task Name Cost 0 To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization $49,928.00 1 Project Initial Phase $8,000.00 2 Project Planning Phase $21,320.00 2.1 Kick off meeting $800.00 2.2 Schedule Planning $7,840.00 2.3 Communication Planning $5,880.00 2.4 Risk Management Plan $6,800.00 3 Project Execution Phase $19,808.00 3.1 Selection of the 10 employees $8,784.00 3.2 Sending them for charity organization $11,024.00 4 Project is Closed $800.00 Table 3: Top-down cost estimation Resource Name Work Cost Analyst 56 hrs $4,200.00 Documenter 80 hrs $6,000.00 Project Manager 40 hrs $4,000.00 Planner 88 hrs $7,040.00 Risk Analyst 80 hrs $6,800.00 HR Manager 144 hrs $13,968.00 Contractor 88 hrs $7,920.00 Table 4: Bottom-up cost estimation References Agarwal, V., Oxstrand, J. H., Le Blanc, K. L. (2014).Automated work packages architecture: An initial set of human factors and instrumentation and controls requirements(No. INL/EXT--14-33172). Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Aksenov, V. V., Walter, A. V., Gordeyev, A. A., Kosovets, A. V. (2015). Classification of geokhod units and systems based on product cost analysis and estimation for a prototype model production. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering(Vol. 91, No. 1, p. 012088). IOP Publishing. Dbs.com. (2017). About DBS Bank Asias Safest Bank - Singapores Bank of Choice | DBS Bank. Retrieved 18 November 2017, from https://www.dbs.com/about-us/default.page Fang, C., Marle, F. (2013). Dealing with project complexity by matrix-based propagation modelling for project risk analysis.Journal of Engineering Design,24(4), 239-256.Project management Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013). Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Maleki, I., Ghaffari, A., Masdari, M. (2014). A new approach for software cost estimation with hybrid genetic algorithm and ant colony optimization.International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies,5(1), 72. Ruano?Mayoral, M., Casado?Lumbreras, C., Garbarino?Alberti, H., Misra, S. (2014). Methodological framework for the allocation of work packages in global software development.Journal of Software: Evolution and Process,26(5), 476-487. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Singh, A. (2014). Resource constrained multi-project scheduling with priority rules analytic hierarchy process.Procedia engineering,69, 725-734. Thomas, K., Lawrie, S., Niedermuller, J. (2015).Pilot Project Technology Business Case: Mobile Work Packages(No. INL/EXT--15-35327). Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Process data shows Essay Example

Process data shows Essay A 0. 60 um film of silicon dioxide is to be etched with a buffered oxide etchant of etch rate 750 A min-1. Process data shows that the thickness may vary up to 10% and the etch rate may vary up to 15%. The maximum possible thickness of the silicon dioxide film is therefore 110% of its nominal value. Therefore, the maximum possible thickness of the silicon dioxide film can be determined through the following calculation: where zmax is the maximum possible thickness of the silicon dioxide film and znominal is the nominal thickness of the silicon dioxide film. Therefore, znominal = 0.  60 um. Any number expressed as a percentage can alternatively be expressed as a decimal. For example, 110% can be expressed as 1. 1. Using this decimal format, the above formula can be rewritten in the following manner: Substituting our previously determined value for znominal into the above formula yields: with significant figures applied Similarly, the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant is 85% of its nominal value. Therefore, the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant can be determined through the following calculation: Where rmin is the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant and rnominal is the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant. Therefore, rnominal = 750 A min-1. Using the conversion factors 1 A = 10-10 m and 1 um = 10-6 m, rnominal can be converted to um min-1 in the following manner: with significant figures applied As was demonstrated above, this percentage value can alternatively be expressed as a decimal. Therefore, 85% can be expressed as 0. 85. Using this decimal format, the above formula can be rewritten in the following manner: We will write a custom essay sample on Process data shows specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Process data shows specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Process data shows specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Substituting our previously determined value for rnominal into the above formula yields: with significant figures applied I have completed this question with the assumption that the etching process is perfect, with no overetching or underetching. This implies that the time required to complete the etching process is exactly the time required for the buffered oxide etchant to etch to the interface between the silicon dioxide layer and the substrate. I have also completed this question with the assumption that the buffered oxide etchant is a wet etchant, and that it etches isotropically. The slide entitled Isotropic Wet Etching and Feature Size in section 5 of the notes states the time required for a perfect etch using a wet etchant, with no overetching or underetching. This time is given in the following formula: where z is the thickness of the film, r is the etch rate of the etchant and ? is the time required for a perfect etch, with no overetching or underetching. The thickness of our silicon dioxide film may vary up to 10% and the etch rate of our buffered oxide etchant may vary up to 15%. Therefore, the time required to complete the etching process may also vary. From the above equation for ? , we can see that the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process occurs when z is maximized and r is minimized. Therefore, we can slightly modify the above equation for ? to represent the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process: where ? max is the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process, with no overetching or underetching. Substituting our previously determined values for zmax and rmin into the above formula yields: with significant figures applied Therefore. Max represents the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process, with no overetching or underetching. b). I have completed this question with the assumption that the buffered oxide etchant is a wet etchant, and that it etches isotropically. For an isotropic wet etching process, undercutting will occur at the top of the silicon dioxide layer. The slide entitled Isotropic Wet Etching and Feature Size in section 5 of the notes states the amount of undercutting that would occur at the top of the silicon dioxide layer for a perfect etch, with no overetching or underetching. Since the etchant is isotropic, it must etch equally in all directions. Additionally, the etchant is always in contact with the top of the silicon dioxide layer during the etching process. Therefore, it etches horizontally along the top of the silicon dioxide layer for the entire time for which the etching process occurs. Therefore, the length of the undercut that is generated at the top of the silicon dioxide layer is simply equal to the etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant multiplied by the time of the etching process. Mathematically, Where xundercut is the length of the undercut that is generated at the top of the silicon dioxide layer. I have completed question 6-1-a with the assumption that we are etching for the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process. As a result, whatever variations in film thickness or etch rate may occur, the film of silicon dioxide will be fully etched through. The maximum undercut will be generated if the buffered oxide etchant etches at its maximum possible rate. The maximum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant is 115% of its nominal value. Therefore, the maximum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant can be determined through the following calculation: where rmax is the maximum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant and rnominal is the nominal etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant. Therefore, rnominal = 750 A min-1. Using the conversion factors 1 A = 10-10 m and 1 um = 10-6 m, rnominal can be converted to um min-1 in the following manner: with significant figures applied As was demonstrated above, this percentage value can alternatively be expressed as a decimal. Therefore, 115% can be expressed as 1. 15. Using this decimal format, the above formula can be rewritten in the following manner: Substituting our previously determined value for rnominal into the above formula yields: with significant figures applied the above equation for xundercut can be modified slightly to yield the length of the undercut that is generated at the top of the silicon dioxide layer after the maximum possible etch time and with the maximum possible etch rate. Mathematically, where xundercut_max is the length of the undercut that is generated at the top of the silicon dioxide layer after the maximum possible etch time and with the maximum possible etch rate. Substituting our previously determined values for rmax and ? max into the above equation yields: with significant figures applied The minimum undercut will be generated if the buffered oxide etchant etches at its minimum possible rate. The minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant is 85% of its nominal value. Therefore, the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant can be determined through the following calculation: where rmin is the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant and rnominal is the nominal etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant.

The Nun by Denis Diderot essays

The Nun by Denis Diderot essays The Nun was written by Denis Diderot, a Frenchman who was editor for the Encyclopedie and a key figure throughout the Enlightenment period. The Nun is a fictious collection of memoirs by Suzanne Simonin, a young French girl forced into becoming a nun by her parents, specifically her mother. Her memoirs detail the struggles she has with being pushed into the religious life, and the torture she goes through as she tries to escape a life of God. It is a wonderful book showing the struggles of a young woman as she tries to gain her freedom. Diderot not only shows his distaste for the Church Hierarchy, but also the notion of the institution being involved with religion, and human rights and freedoms being taken away from those involved with the church. Diderot shows that convents are not quite, what the public perceives them to be. He shows them as a monarchy led by a supreme ruler (mother superior) and if a nun does not obey, she will be subject to treatment similar to a prisoner of war. When I got back to my cell I felt terrible pains in my feet, I looked down and saw that they were covered in blood from cuts made by bits of glass they had spitefully thrown in my path (110). Suzanne, as much as she despises the ways of the convent, is in actuality a faithful Catholic. She prays often to God and carries out her duties in accordance with the rules of the convent. Suzanne's problems, and also Diderot's problem, is not with the Catholic religion at all, but rather with the hierarchy and the rigid laws created by people, which force others into roles they do want to be in. People perceive convents as places of worship full of saintly figures obeying Gods wishes; Diderot attacks these institutions though and portrays them as vicious p laces that force their will upon young nuns/monks. Although Sister Suzanne is a strong believer in Catholicism and very devoted to God, she is not someone that wants to live her life as a nun. ...

Oligopoly is the ideal market structure because it allows society to Essay

Oligopoly is the ideal market structure because it allows society to benefit from the efficiency gains of both competition and monopoly - Essay Example The range within which each oligopolist can independently influence prices is, however, narrower than where there is a pure monopoly, for he has to take into account not only the availability of substitutes (as does a pure monopolist as well), but also the likely actions of his principal competitors in his own market. In all circumstances price changes are likely to affect adversely the interests of certain participants in the market. Increases in price naturally are harmful to consumers, while decreases injure the interests of producers and of some traders. In monopoly and oligopoly situations the power of firms to influence prices, coupled with a high degree of dependence on these firms, tends to provoke allegations that all price changes are deliberately engineered to injure certain interests. Consumers, producers or rival traders may consider that they have been specially and deliberately injured by the actions of the monopolist or oligopolists, and may ascribe market changes to their intentional activities. Plausibility is lent to these views because in these situations the firms can undoubtedly influence the market; indeed, they cannot help doing so. It is therefore impossible conclusively or convincingly to refute allegations of profiteering, of destructive underselling to eliminate partic ular competitors, of deliberate depression of producer prices, or of wasteful inflation of costs. 1 An important and distinctive characteristic of oligopoly is the realization by each firm that its fortunes depend very closely upon the actions of the others in the same market. Their behaviour is necessarily influenced by the realization of mutual interdependence. Each firm appreciates that in initiating price changes it must expect the other firms to react to these changes, and that in assessing the net effects of a price change it must take account of the probable reaction of others. In deciding on price changes each firm considers not only the general market situation and its own financial and stock position, but also the probable conduct of its principal competitors. Firms recognizing their mutual interdependence may find it convenient and profitable to co-ordinate their policies and to act together, and co-operation is made easier because the numbers are comparatively small. An oligopolistic situation is frequently accompanied by market sharing arrangements between a number of producers or firms. This is particularly likely in the supply of standardized products or services, where these price-fixing agreements may be effective and stable even without formal market-sharing arrangements; banking and shipping provide familiar examples in the United States, in Britain and in Western Europe. Where the product is largely unstandardized, agreements are less often concluded, and, moreover, tend to be unstable; the motor industry seems to be a convenient example. Co-operation is, however, by no means the inevitable outcome of oligopoly. Individual firms may decide to try their strength and to enlarge their share in the market by active competition. Moreover, when new entry is

Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 5

Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay Example 362). Therefore, an organization must always look for ways of bringing together all the departments to ensure that the specific goals and objectives are achieved. According to Furnham et al, (1993, p. 245-257), in an organization setting, the sources of conflict are varied. Many conflicts are related to psychological factors such as wrong attitudes towards accomplishing given tasks. Some members will normally not co-operate in various areas of an organization due to psychological factors that they pose. Some members may also have emotional problems which will be expressed at most times while the employees are working together. For example, some may show signs of ranging temper, some resentment while others become indifferent during moments of team work. They may not be able to bring forth their ideas with ease, hindering team work. There are also several behavioral practices that work contrary to team work (Kaplan & Miller 1987, p. 346-360). For example, some members may withdraw fro m the team, others choosing to choose the team members that they would want to work with. This will obviously hinder cooperation in the organization. Leadership plays a key role in the achievement of team work within the corporate world. A leader is any individual who is able to influence the employees towards a specific direction. Leadership may come from any level or department within an organizations setting (Kaplan & Miller 1987, p. 346-360). It is important that appropriate leadership is given, so that all the employees move towards the same direction. In this report, I reflect on various activities that have we have undertaken as a group, in the bid to learn more on the topic of team work. I use the tasks to understand how well team work can be accomplished within an organization. The outcomes of the teamwork within our group indicate the issues that surround cooperation and cohesion within the organizations. Reflection of various the tasks undertaken During our class work, we were called upon to take various tasks as groups. They would either be seminar activities or weekly activities. One of these activities included the egg flying contest. In this case, I and other team members were called upon to use all the resources that were available to ensure that an egg would not breaking after being dropped from a height of 2 meters. Several resources were availed to us, which included: six straws, one balloon, three elastic buds six cotton buds, and four papers; each one and a half centimeters. The task ahead was to be able to put our minds together and see how the materials available to us were of use. The team members had to use the resources ahead of them with a lot of care. The resources were limited, yet the given task had to be accomplished. There was need for the team to give way for a leader, one who everybody would listen to and who would give direction on how exactly to use the materials to accomplish the task ahead. In such a moment, most members f eared to fail, they wanted to be correct and perform the task to success. Therefore, a strong leader, one who would take into considerate the task ahead was needed. Our next exercise involved investigation of Cambridge crime. In this case, the team was supposed to investigate a crime scene that had happened in the nearby location. The accurate information in such a scenario was of great

The United States education Essay Example for Free

The United States education Essay I studied in Korea for 14 years. But, now I have been studying in US. Knowledge of the United States education can be helped to understand US culture. There are similarities and differences between Korea and US educations. Korea and US educations have similarities. First, we study almost the same subjects like English, Math, Science, and P. E. So some Korean students who had studied in Korea’s school can understand pretty well in USA College, even though their English skill is not so high. Second, Korea and USA classroom have almost the same equipment (especially college). There are chairs and desks, blackboard, chalks, and backboard for some notices. However, both educations have a lot of differences. First, Korea’s class is bigger than US class. Korea’s class usually has 40~50 students. But US class has just 15~20 students. So US teachers have more attention than Korea teachers to the students. Second, Most Korean students usually studied alone in the classes. But, now we have to discuss with our classmates in US classes. Discussions require to student more activity. So most American students are more activity than Korean students. Finally, the biggest difference between Korea and the United States is teacher’s teaching skills. Most Korean teachers want to memorize the textbook for all students. So, Korean students try to memorize the textbook. But US teachers require summarizing information from textbook. US teaching skill help students to be more creative and active. In conclusion, US education requires to students to be creative and active but, Korea education want to be same for all the students. That makes competition between students. This competition can be helpful, but actually it makes a lot of problem. Korea education has to change more creative and active like US education.

Eros and The Modern World Essay -- Greek Mythology

In the ancient world there were two different images that could be presented of the god Eros. The first was that of a young man with wings and rings in his hands, illustrated by a statue that was created around 400 BCE by the sculptor Praxiteles (Fig.1). Second is the depiction of a mischievous baby by an unknown sculptor from the first century BCE (Fig.2). This second depiction also had wings but once again the bow was missing. If the god Eros is depicted as a child he is generally with Aphrodite his mother. Of these two depictions the most common in the modern world is the baby depiction. Even though the baby depiction is the most common, in some instances whoever is working with the depiction will choose to use the young man. Since both depictions are still used in the modern world, there are really only two significant changes since antiquity. First is the idea that Eros is one member of a race of mythical creatures. Second is the misconception that Eros is the god of love when he is really the god of sexual desire. Although Eros is commonly depicted in the modern world he is more often recognized by his Roman name Cupid. By using the name Cupid it becomes much easier to find depictions of the god Eros. For this assignment I have chosen to use three depictions from the modern world and one from the nineteenth century. Of these depictions, three come from video clips and one is a painting. All of these depictions encompass different aspects of the god. In some of these depictions he is the only cupid and in others he is just one of many. Another aspect these depictions cannot agree on is whether or not he is the young man or the baby. On top of both of these disagreements, one of the clips seems to contend that... ...ed Fig.6 MrPhanhonnhien. â€Å"Charmedvn tap 18-The Torn Identity_ part2.avi.† 19 July 2011. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmbbm1L9hls&feature=related Fig. 7 heatmaster20. â€Å"Charmed-Forever Charmed Part 4.† 19 January 2009. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_InMQ7LuXwg&feature=related Fig.8 MrPhanhonnhien. â€Å"Charmedvn tap 18-The Torn Identity_ part3.avi.† 19 July 2011. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UnTWByK5hc&feature=related Fig. 9 BluTaiger. â€Å"Pastoral Symphony 2/4: Centaur Courtship.† 12 January 2010. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BzfBwyjkYM&feature=related Fig.10 ChrisTheGreek2007. â€Å"Comedy of Arrows part 1.† 7 March 2008. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=830frPb6eaA&feature=related Eros and The Modern World Essay -- Greek Mythology In the ancient world there were two different images that could be presented of the god Eros. The first was that of a young man with wings and rings in his hands, illustrated by a statue that was created around 400 BCE by the sculptor Praxiteles (Fig.1). Second is the depiction of a mischievous baby by an unknown sculptor from the first century BCE (Fig.2). This second depiction also had wings but once again the bow was missing. If the god Eros is depicted as a child he is generally with Aphrodite his mother. Of these two depictions the most common in the modern world is the baby depiction. Even though the baby depiction is the most common, in some instances whoever is working with the depiction will choose to use the young man. Since both depictions are still used in the modern world, there are really only two significant changes since antiquity. First is the idea that Eros is one member of a race of mythical creatures. Second is the misconception that Eros is the god of love when he is really the god of sexual desire. Although Eros is commonly depicted in the modern world he is more often recognized by his Roman name Cupid. By using the name Cupid it becomes much easier to find depictions of the god Eros. For this assignment I have chosen to use three depictions from the modern world and one from the nineteenth century. Of these depictions, three come from video clips and one is a painting. All of these depictions encompass different aspects of the god. In some of these depictions he is the only cupid and in others he is just one of many. Another aspect these depictions cannot agree on is whether or not he is the young man or the baby. On top of both of these disagreements, one of the clips seems to contend that... ...ed Fig.6 MrPhanhonnhien. â€Å"Charmedvn tap 18-The Torn Identity_ part2.avi.† 19 July 2011. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmbbm1L9hls&feature=related Fig. 7 heatmaster20. â€Å"Charmed-Forever Charmed Part 4.† 19 January 2009. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_InMQ7LuXwg&feature=related Fig.8 MrPhanhonnhien. â€Å"Charmedvn tap 18-The Torn Identity_ part3.avi.† 19 July 2011. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UnTWByK5hc&feature=related Fig. 9 BluTaiger. â€Å"Pastoral Symphony 2/4: Centaur Courtship.† 12 January 2010. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BzfBwyjkYM&feature=related Fig.10 ChrisTheGreek2007. â€Å"Comedy of Arrows part 1.† 7 March 2008. Youtube. Web. 20 March 2012. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=830frPb6eaA&feature=related

Literature from or about world war Essay

By comparing the extracts from testament of youth, the ghost road and Binyon’s for the fallen and referring to your wider reading examine how typical in both style and treatment of subject matter these writings are of literature from or about world war one. Timing has a significant effect when war literature is written as does whether the source was a first hand account or a work written from others sources. Laurence Binyon wrote ‘For the Fallen’ in 1914 when war had just broke out and at this time people were joyous and glad of the excitement of war, Binyon reflects this view as he personifies England as a ‘mother for her children’ describing England as a caring character unwillingly sending her children to their deaths for ‘the cause of the free’. This patriotism and duty seen by ‘death august and royal’ were wide spread, and although there were deaths the full extent of the trench warfare horrors had been censored, so was only experienced by those at the front. Binyon himself only visited the front at one point so perhaps did not experience horrors as did other writers such as owen, yet he had more first hand Pat barker’s writing ‘Ghost Road’ in 1999. Despite this Pat Barker and Vera Britain’s biography written n 1933 are able to have a wider perspective on the events and Vera Britain in particular is able to look back in hindsight in a way in which Binyon could not and have time to consider events that passed and analyse them . Ghost road contains horrific, graphic images of ‘dismembered bodies hurtling’ and ‘eyelids eaten away’ which although designed to shock a reader so as they are eager to read more are also researched so are true of events which took place during the war. Barker doesn’t hold back from the extreme physicality of the imagery similar to Sebastian Faulke’s ‘Birdsong’ where horrendous images of ‘only a hole remaining between his shoulders’ are common, Faulke’s also uses loves and sex to link in with the physicality of the war wounds. Britain also uses her emotional relationship with Roland for a stark contrast with the vast sense of loss of the last line. This could be authors having to modernise for present-day readers or the lack of patriotism of today’s society which allows or even needs brutally truthful accounts to entertain the reader. The author’s opinion of the war also needs consideration as Binyon was pro- war and felt the personal experience of honour and duty as many young men of 1914 did. Because of this he will have experienced the excitement at the beginning of war and this reflects in his writing such as the ‘glory that shines upon our tears’. ‘For the Fallen’ also gives a sense of respect and waste for the men who ‘shall not grow old, as we that are left grow old,’ particularly emphasising the youthfulness of the dead. The funeral imagery that is run throughout gives the poem a idea of a funeral for all those lost, missing or presumed dead in battle, so no ennobled soldiers are left unhonoured. Binyon focuses on this lament for the dead, they ‘are marching upon the heavenly plains’ giving the impression those who die for their country are viewed more worthy in god’s eyes. Unlike Pat Barkers description of a ‘severed head’ which could be considered disrespectful toward the dead. Binyon uses euphemisms telling of the young men who now ‘sleep beyond England’s foam’ this attitude towards death is mirrored by Vera Britain as she chooses to believe her fianci ‘drifted unconsciously into death’ so as to relieve herself of the pain and loss of her loved one. Vera invites the reader to have empathy towards her as they know her anticipation is an anticlimax and Roland in the end ‘had died of wounds at a casualty clearing station. ‘ The romantic sense in which she describes him and their ‘love that had arisen so swiftly’ is discredited by the matter of fact way she declares his death adding pathos to the extract. This statement is given as if in shock or simply immune to the pain similar to the immunity soldiers gained towards death at the front, they got to the point where as Hulme described, ‘men walked as on Piccadilly over a dead Belgian’s belly. ‘ This immunity does not stretch to every situation however, Barker talks of ‘a friends death precipitating a total collapse’ and ‘nausea, vomiting, spell of forgetfulness’ as if the war not only affect the men physically but also mentally, their whole being with nothing left untouched. Barker’s character Rivers even sees the war torment Craigloackhart’s sleep giving him endless hypnagogic hallucinations of ‘lips eaten away’. Binyon also shows the war affecting the whole being as he talks of the passion and duty of how the men were ‘staunch to the end against odds uncounted. ‘ This sense of duty is elaborated on in war literature, Barker talks of Craiglockhart ‘behaving with exemplary courage and loyalty. ‘ Sebastian Faulke’s hard metal like character Stephen is willing to die due to love for his men by the end. ‘Testament of Youth’ is written as a biography in prose as is the fictional work of Pat Barker’s ‘Ghost Road’, while ‘For the Fallen’ is a poem written in iambic pentameter form. The Iambic is used to give a rhythmical tone reflecting a procession of the marching men, and is perhaps used to imitate the ‘solemn drums. ‘ The rhythm enables the poem to be read slowly and set a tone of pride and respect, the biblical tones throughout the poem such as ‘flesh of her flesh’ serve to give the poem a more serious theme as those lamenting the dead often need religious support. This is true of agnostic Vera Britain who thanks ‘whatever God might exist’ for Roland but when worry sets in she turns to religion ironically praying ‘whosoever liveth in me shall never die’. Death is the major theme running through all the sources, with ‘Ghost Road’ using horrific adjectives to show how the soldiers were degraded even in death but this death left an impact on the friends and relatives who were left behind such as Craiglockhart. Binyon is also assertive to the dead being remembered with him shortening the last line so forth disrupting the steady pattern and emphasizing last lines such as the imperative ‘we will remember them’, and the very last line having further emphasis with repetition of ‘to the end, to the end, they remain. ‘ Other immortalising imagery such as ‘stars’ give a comfort to the reader which they do not achieve from Ghost Road or Vera Britain as the matter of fact death is left without a sense of the soul being at rest as they do as they ‘march upon the heavenly plain’ in For the Fallen. This shows the views of the authors as Binyon is very pro-war and patriotism for the country whilst Britain and Barker show the extremity of the loss and give an anti-war vision to their work as does Wilfred Owen as he opens with a harsh question of ‘what passing bells for those who die as cattle. ‘ This question probes the reader into asking themselves why the war occurred, and with Owens imagery of ‘stuttering rifles’ and ‘sad shires’ it is tough for a reader to think pro-war. Sibilance is frequent in For the Fallen as ‘stars that are starry’ allows for the poem with its harsh theme of death to be softened having a soothing effect upon the reader. To add to this calming flowing effect fricative sounds are added such as ‘flesh of flesh. ‘ This enables a harmonious sound for the dead who died for a cause which is often why the poem is read at remembrance services to put those who have lost loved ones at peace.

The Great Military Of The Nation State - 1359 Words

With the rise of the nation state has come the need for a force to protect it and project its political will. As nation states have grown, so too have the forces that protect it. Large armies that need to move any distance from their home bases need to bring their supplies with them or procure them on the move. Supplying these armies has always been a challenge, and it will continue to be a challenge in the future. Many great military leaders faced these issues; the greatest advances in logistics did not appear in warfare until the 17th century and many of them continued into the 21st century. These advances were the beginning of modern military logistics and the basis of how nations supply their armies today. Although the logistical systems continue to evolve in many ways during the past four centuries, it still is not perfect. Since ancient times, states recognized that feeding an army was difficult and multiple methods were employed in an attempt to meet the needs of soldier s. 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