Zero Hour Contracts in the Hospitality Industry Essay

Party time Contracts in the Hospitality Industry - Essay Example Recognizably, such an agreement is contended to have the two negatives and positives impacting the responsibility levels of both the business and the representative and henceforth, influencing hierarchical effectiveness on the loose. Nonetheless, such agreement goes with viewpoints including absence of occupation and money related security for the workers and absence of accessibility of talented and steadfast staff for the organization. With due contemplations to every one of these angles, certain suggestions have been made to Hyatt Regency London while applying the arrangement of party time contract. The Policy Background The arrangement delineated in this instructions depends on the idea of ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts. As the name itself proposes, ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts is a sort of business contract that is generally utilized in the UK in consistence with the Employment Rights Act of 1996 of the nation. Fundamentally, this agreement is attracted a composed arran gement, where it contains an announcement with respect to the terms and states of business worked in the midst of a business and a representative. Under such agreements, a business doesn't ensure a worker to give work and pays to the work that is really being finished. In exact, the agreement gives right to the businesses that empowers them to accept an approach staffs when they are not required and doesn't pay them for that span, which further makes the whole procedure a period proficient one. It has as of late been one of the significant issues and a segment of broad discussion around the world. It very well may be considered as a rising issue in different areas of business including the accommodation business inferable from the way that it viewed as a methodology, which bosses find alluring as it is a serious cost sparing measure. In the accommodation segment, organizations are along these lines seen to enroll staff individuals based on ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts. In any case, it is regarded that the part of ‘Zero-Hour ’ Contracts isn't exactly a productive possibility for the representatives for what it's worth for the businesses in the UK inn industry, as they are just entitled for pay ostensible installment for the period they really worked for the business with no budgetary security. In addition, the idea of ‘Zero-Hour ’ Contracts is likewise appear to disregard a portion of the key work rights that further make it a difficult issue inside and out (Grice, 2013; ACAS, 2012). Since, the idea has certain significant preferences and escape clauses simultaneously; its broad execution has become very questionable and a significant purpose of conversation, which further presents it as a significant issue in the cutting edge setting. As tended to over, the arrangement of ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts impactsly affects both the business and the workers as the significant partners of the strategy issue. Attributable to this agreement, businesses are qualified for be profited with more prominent adaptability to satisfy the needs of the clients. It additionally lessens cost of the organization as next to no must be spent on representative enlistment and preparing. Moreover, according to the agreement, representatives will have the option to get adaptable hours to keep up a superior work-life balance. These viewpoints urge numerous to help the idea. While the opposers to the strategy issue contend upon specific realities including infringement of business rights and compensation installment approach under such agreements (Grice, 2013; ACAS, 2012; Barnett and Scrope, 2008). Evaluation of the Debate to Date The idea of Zero-Hour ’ Contracts has become a significance subject of discussion everywhere throughout the world, particularly in the accommodation

USS Nevada (BB-36) in World War II

USS Nevada (BB-36) in World War II USS Nevada (BB-36) was the lead boat of the Nevada-class of war vessels which were worked for the US Navy somewhere in the range of 1912 and 1916. The Nevada-class was the first to fuse a lot of structure qualities that would be utilized in a progression of American warship classes during the years around World War I (1914-1918). Entering administration in 1916, Nevada quickly served abroad during the last a very long time of World War I. The interwar period saw the ship participate in different preparing practices in both the Atlantic and Pacific. On December 7, 1941, Nevada was secured in Pearl Harbor when the Japanese assaulted. The main ship to get in progress during the assault, it supported some harm before grounding on Hospital Point. Fixed and intensely modernized, Nevada participated in the crusade in the Aleutians before coming back to the Atlantic. Serving in Europe, it gave maritime gunfire support during theâ invasions of Normandy and Southern France. Coming back to the Pacific, Nevada partook in the last battles against Japan and was later utilized as an objective boat during the nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll. Plan Approved by Congress on March 4, 1911, the agreement for building USS Nevada (BB-36) was given to the Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy, MA. Set down on November 4 of the next year, the battleship’s configuration was progressive for the US Navy as it fused a few key attributes that would get standard on future boats of the sort. Among these was the incorporation of oil-terminated boilers rather than coal, the disposal of amidships turrets, and the utilization of a â€Å"all or nothing† protection plot. These highlights turned out to be adequately regular on future vessels that Nevada was viewed as the first of the Standard-kind of US warship. Of these changes, the move to oil was made with the objective of expanding the ship’s extend as the US Navy felt that would be basic in any potential maritime clash with Japan. In planning Nevada’s defensive layer assurance, maritime designers sought after a â€Å"all or nothing† approach which implied that basic regions of the boat, for example, magazines and building, were vigorously secured while less fundamental spaces were left unarmored. This sort of defensive layer game plan later got typical in both the US Navy and those abroad. While past American ships had highlighted turrets found fore, rearward, and amidships, Nevada’s configuration put the weapon at the bow and harsh and was first to incorporate the utilization of triple turrets. Mounting an aggregate of ten 14-inch weapons, Nevada’s deadly implement was set in four turrets (two twin and two triple) with five firearms at each finish of the boat. In an investigation, the ship’s drive framework included new Curtis turbines while its sister transport, USS Oklahoma (BB-37), was given more established triple-extension steam motors. USS Nevada (BB-36) Overview Country: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: Fore River Shipbuilding CompanyLaid Down: November 4, 1912Launched: July 11, 1914Commissioned: March 11, 1916Fate: Sunk as focus on July 31, 1948 Details (as fabricated) Uprooting: 27,500 tonsLength: 583 ft.Beam: 95 ft., 3 in.Draft: 28 ft., 6 in.Propulsion: Geared Curtis turbines turning 2 x propellersSpeed: 20.5 knotsRange: 9,206 miles at 10 knotsComplement: 864 men Deadly implement Weapons 10 Ãâ€"14 in. weapon (2 Ãâ€"3, 2 Ãâ€"2 superfiring)21 Ãâ€"5 in. guns2 or 4 Ãâ€"21 in. torpedo tubes Airplane 3 x airplane Development Entering the water on July 11, 1914 with Eleanor Seibert, the niece of the Governor of Nevada, as support, Nevada’s dispatch was gone to by Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt. In spite of the fact that Fore River finished work on the boat in late 1915, the US Navy required a broad arrangement of ocean preliminaries before dispatching because of the progressive idea of a significant number of the ship’s frameworks. These started on November 4 and saw the boat lead various runs along the New England coast. Finishing these assessments, Nevada put into Boston where it got extra gear before being appointed on March 11, 1916, with Captain William S. Sims in order. World War I Joining the US Atlantic Fleet at Newport, RI, Nevada directed preparing practices along the East Coast and Caribbean during 1916. Based at Norfolk, VA, the warship was at first held in American waters following the United States’ entrance into World War I in April 1917. This was because of a deficiency of fuel oil in Britain. Accordingly, the coal-terminated warships of Battleship Division Nine were dispatched to increase the British Grand Fleet. In August 1918, Nevada got requests to cross the Atlantic. Joining USS Utah (BB-31) and Oklahoma at Berehaven, Ireland, the three boats framed Rear Admiral Thomas S. Rodgers’ Battleship Division 6. Working from Bantry Bay, they filled in as guard accompanies in the ways to deal with the British Isles. Staying in this obligation until the finish of the war, Nevada never discharged a shot out of frustration. That December, the ship accompanied the liner George Washington, with President Woodrow Wilson on board, into Brest, France. Cruising for New York on December 14, Nevada and its countrymen showed up twelve days after the fact and were welcomed by triumph marches and festivities. Interwar Years Serving in the Atlantic during the following barely any years Nevada ventured out to Brazil in September 1922 for the centennial of that nation’s autonomy. Later moving to the Pacific, the warship led an altruism voyage through New Zealand and Australia in pre-fall 1925. Notwithstanding the US Navy’s want to achieve conciliatory objectives, the voyage was expected to show the Japanese that the US Pacific Fleet was equipped for directing tasks a long way from its bases. Showing up at Norfolk in August 1927, Nevada started a huge modernization program. While in the yard, engineers included torpedo swells just as expanded Nevada’s level defensive layer. To make up for the additional weight, the ship’s old boilers were evacuated and less new, yet progressively effective, ones introduced alongside new turbines. The program additionally observed Nevada’s torpedo tubes evacuated, hostile to airplane barriers expanded, and an adjustment of its optional deadly implement. Topside, the scaffold structure was adjusted, new tripod poles supplanted the more seasoned grid ones, and present day fire control gear introduced. Work on the boat was finished in January 1930 and it before long rejoined the US Pacific Fleet. Staying with that unit for the following decade, it forward sent to Pearl Harbor in 1940 as strains with Japan expanded. On the morning of December 7, 1941, Nevada was single-secured off Ford Island when the Japanese assaulted. Pearl Harbor Conceded a level of mobility because of its area that its countrymen on Battleship Row needed, Nevada was the main American war vessel to get in progress as Japanese struck. Working its way down the harbor, the ship’s hostile to airplane heavy weapons specialists battled valiantly however the boat immediately continued a torpedo hit followed by five bomb strikes. The remainder of these happened as it approached the channel to untamed water. Expecting that Nevada may sink and deter the channel, its team stranded the war vessel on Hospital Point. With the finish of the assault, the boat had endured 50 murdered and 109 injured. In the weeks after, rescue groups initiated fixes on Nevada and on February 12, 1942, the warship was refloated. After extra fixes were made at Pearl Harbor, the warship moved to Puget Sound Navy Yard for extra work and modernization. Modernization Staying in the yard until October 1942, Nevada’s appearance was drastically adjusted and when it developed it seemed to be like the more up to date South Dakota-class. Gone were ship’s tripod poles and its enemy of airplane safeguards had been significantly moved up to incorporate new double reason 5-inch firearms, 40 mm weapons, and 20 mm firearms. After investigation and preparing travels, Nevada partook in Vice Admiral Thomas Kinkaid’s crusade in the Aleutians and upheld the freedom of Attu. With the end the battling, the warship segregated and steamed for additional modernization at Norfolk. That fall, Nevada started accompanying caravans to Britain during the Battle of the Atlantic. The incorporation of capital ships, for example, Nevada was planned to give insurance against German surface marauders, for example, Tirpitz. Europe Serving in this job into April 1944, Nevada at that point joined Allied maritime powers in Britain to get ready for the attack of Normandy. Cruising as Rear Admiral Morton Deyo’s lead, the battleship’s weapons beat German focuses on June 6 as Allied soldiers started landing. Staying seaward for the greater part of the month, Nevada’s firearms gave fire backing to powers shorewards and the boat earned applause for the exactness of its fire. In the wake of diminishing the seaside protections around Cherbourg, the warship moved to the Mediterranean where it gave fire backing to the Operation Dragoon arrivals in August. Striking German focuses in southern France, Nevada repeated its exhibition in Normandy. Over the span of activities, it broadly dueled the batteries safeguarding Toulon. Steaming for New York in September, Nevada entered port and had its 14-inch weapons relined. Also, the firearms in Turret 1 were supplanted with tubes taken from the disaster area of USS Arizona (BB-39.) Pacific Continuing tasks in mid 1945, Nevada traveled the Panama Canal and joined Allied powers off Iwo Jima on February 16. Partaking in the attack of the island, the ship’s firearms added to the pre-intrusion barrage and later gave di

Crisis Management Communication Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emergency Management Communication - Case Study Example Timothy Coombs built up a three-stage situational emergency correspondence hypothesis that has been embraced by associations to deal with the emergency. As per this model, correspondence during an emergency makes three strides which incorporate the pre-emergency correspondence approach, emergency the executives correspondence and post emergency draws near. In 2010, British Petroleum (BP) experienced one of the significant emergency to influence the organization when one of its seaward boring destinations released, prompting a significant spill in the inlet of Mexico. This spillage prompted the loss of 11 lives and the loss of a huge number of gallons of unrefined petroleum from the penetrating store (Coombs and Holladay, 2001). The spillage influenced the notoriety of the organization as it was presented to significant media investigation as their moderation approaches were under investigation. Be that as it may, with the assistance of the United States government, the oil slick was contained and the organization repaid the individuals who lost their lives in the emergency. In this paper, Coombs situational correspondence model during the emergency will be utilized to assess the methodologies that were embraced during the emergency. The organization’s capacity to get ready for the emergency and address the worries during the emergency will be tended to. Toward the finish of the emergency, the organization was left with a polluted picture from huge media examination making post-emergency correspondence approaches fundamental to decide how the organization recaptured its picture (Wolf and Merji, 2013). Pre-emergency correspondence is an expectant methodology embraced by associations to get ready for how to deal with the weights of an emergency and how the emergency may uncover them in a terrible light. During this stage, early indications of an emergency are assessed and the organization puts forth berserk attempts to address them and guarantee that any difficulties that may emerge are tended to immediately. Before the BP oil emergency, a break of concrete seals at the bottoms of the wells was noted.â

Tips for Writing Business School Essay Samples

Tips for Writing Business School Essay SamplesOne of the greatest things about business school essay samples is that they come in all sorts of formats. They can be easy to follow or complex and therefore require some bit of thought to use. But when it comes to essay writing, finding the right format is essential.Online business school essays are easier to use and can also be custom made to suit your needs. The great thing about online writing, aside from the fact that it is quick and efficient, is that there are no extra costs. The only extra cost, you will have is when you need to print it out for printing. Because it is now a printed article, you can use a home printer and there are no shipping fees involved.Most online writers use a template. The templates are usually good enough to get started but make sure that you do not get bogged down with them and end up using them way too much. You may also want to download one of the many sample essays that are available to learn from and also to see what a good template is.If you are not averse to paying for a sample essays, you can find many. Some sites will sell them and others will simply provide the content for free. It really depends on the site. Either way, you will find that there are hundreds of them available.One of the best things about using these services is that they offer their services online as well as on their websites. This means that there is no need to type anything up and then mail it. All you need to do is type up a simple text file and then print it out at home. The service charges for this service, however, so it is good to know that you will not have to pay for something that you can do yourself.If you have an idea for an essay, you should definitely start writing the essay. Many will actually pay you for the essay, if you will allow them to. If you are not allowed to write the essay for free, there is another option. You can always pay for the essay, but you may find that the essay you will be given is not as good as you hoped.Business school essay samples are worth the effort to get your essay right. Remember, the more specific the information is, the better.

Brief Overview Of Education System Of Pakistan And China...

Brief Overview of Education System in Pakistan Similarities and Dissimilarities in the Higher Education of Pakistan and China Name: Muhammad Saleem I.D Number: M2016127 Subject: Higher Education of China Assigned by: Professor Lee Saiqiang Dr. Han Jiying Semester: First Abstract The purpose of this paper is to fulfill the requirements of a final term paper of the first semester. This paper attempts to put the glance on the Education system of Pakistan and China. Firstly, it aims to introduce briefly the Education system of Pakistan historically and constitutionally. Secondly, it brings similarities in the Higher Education of China and Pakistan. More importantly, the influence of culture on learning styles of both Chinese and Pakistani students in the light of Confucianism and Islam. Finally, it brings dissimilarities in the basic to higher education of Pakistan and China. Introduction Brief overview of Education system in Pakistan Pakistan appeared on the map of the world on 14th August 1947. The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1973) in articles 37 (b) (c) and 25-A state that â€Å"the state will provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years within a minimum possible period and the state will remove the illiteracy from country†. The division of responsibilities between the provinces and center are defined by the Constitution of 1973. The Federal Ministry of Education has theShow MoreRelatedWhat’s the purpose of testing nuclear power in India?2001 Words   |  9 Pages India was criticised by some countries such as the United States or Japan and imposed sanctions due to the testing (Mohanty 2013). In response to India’s testing, five nuclear devices were tested and another nuclear device was exploded later by Pakistan (Mohanty 2013). 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The Cinematic Technique of Nausicaa Essay - 1603 Words

Our scene is set at Sandymount Shore where Leopold Bloom is attempting to rest for a moment. In what I feel is a sweet, sentimental style James Joyce writes, â€Å"Far away in the west the sun was setting and the last glow of all too fleeting day lingered lovingly on sea and strand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (U 13. 284). The waves of the bay splash near the weedgrown rocks. A quiet stillness washes over the bay and Bloom notices three girls sitting on the rocks enjoying the fresh air. That is the feeling that I get from reading the first few lines and my cinematically inspired rendition of the events in the first page. Thematically â€Å"Nausicaa† presents several motifs that resonate throughout the chapter and have lasting effects on the overall novel. Stuart Gilbert†¦show more content†¦The subject in reference to the concept of the painting in this chapter is chiefly Gerty MacDowell. Joyce lays the scene like an establishing shot of a movie, slowly revealing specific details about the setting. I can scarcely think of the sublime nature and aesthetics of painting without thinking of the mythology surrounding the Roman goddess, Venus and her representation of sex. Like Venus, Gerty acts as a vehicle of seduction. â€Å"Her woman’s instinct told her that she had raised the devil in him and at the thought a burning scarlet swept from throat to brow till the lovely colour of her face became a glorious rose† (U 13. 295). The art of the painting functions as an approach to describing Gerty’s seductive venture as Bloom’s detumescence. Unlike any other chapter, â€Å"Nausicaa† coincides with more than one organ, the eye and nose. The eye represents sight and visual perception. In a sense, the eye represents what is called the lens of the camera. Similar to film, the perception of an image is immediately changed upon being captured. Essentially upside down upon first glance, the eye operates similarly to a camera lens and turns the images right side up. Sight through the eye is the manner in which Bloom spots Gerty. The eye allows for Bloom’s recurrent tendencies of voyeurism. The narrator comments, â€Å"†¦looking and he kept on looking, looking†¦ O! then the Roman candle burst and it was like a sigh of O!† (U 13. 300) In thisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Wonderment and Awe: the Way of the Kami4711 Words   |  19 Pagesnarrative of the Miyazaki’s films, it seems that he is attempting to move away from the contemporary sense of Shinto and its associated political discourse, and is instead seeking to redefine and recapture the ancient form of Shinto via a kind of visual cinematic practice. Honouring the Kami In ancient Japan, naturally occurring phenomena that were particularly awe-inspiring were given the title of kami, or gods, and were sometimes thought to possess the power of speech. Around the time these beliefs

Project Management Report Of DBS Bank Singapore †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Report Of DBS Bank Singapore. Answer: Introduction: DBS Bank Singapore is a part of the DBS Group Ltd. and they are a leading group of financial services in Asia (Dbs.com., 2017). DBS has been following complete and effective governance for promoting the long term sustainable practices. They have been trying to support the charity activities and help those who are in need. Project Overview The project is developed for ensuring that the Singapore DBS Bank would be able to send its 10 employees to a charity organization for ensuring their association with the charity activities. The supporting of the charity activities by DBS Bank would be implied for ensuring that the bank gives profound support to those in need. Project Scope Statement Project objective Acording to Fang and Marle (2013), the projects have certain objectives that are set for ensuring that the operations of the project are aligned on the same platform. The project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization includes the following objectives, To develop the project of sending 10 employees of the Singapore based DBS Bank company to the charity organization To form the effective schedule plan along with risk management and communication planning Deliverables The deliverables for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization include the following points, Development of the signed project charter and initiation documents by Wednesday, 20th December, 2017 A Project Schedule Plan approved by Monday, 8th January, 2018 A Communication Plan approved by Thursday, 18th January, 2018 A Risk Plan applied by Thursday, 1st February, 2018 Registration of the names of the 10 employees selected by Monday, 19th February, 2018 Dropping of the 10 employees at the charity organization by Monday, 12th March, 2018 Milestones The Milestones of the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization are given in the table below, WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish 1.5 Review and Sign off the documents 1 day Wed 12/20/17 Wed 12/20/17 2.1 Kick off meeting 1 day Thu 12/21/17 Thu 12/21/17 2.2.5 Plan is approved 1 day Mon 1/8/18 Mon 1/8/18 2.3.3 Implying accurate communication medium with appropriate stakeholders 3 days Mon 1/15/18 Wed 1/17/18 2.3.4 Approval of the communication Plan 1 day Thu 1/18/18 Thu 1/18/18 2.4.4 Risk Mitigation Strategies are implied 2 days Mon 1/29/18 Tue 1/30/18 2.4.5 Risk Control is applied 2 days Wed 1/31/18 Thu 2/1/18 3.1.2 A list of the active employees is made for charity event 2 days Mon 2/5/18 Tue 2/6/18 3.1.5 Registration of the names of the 10 employees selected 4 days Wed 2/14/18 Mon 2/19/18 3.2.3 Profiling the charity organization 4 days Mon 2/26/18 Thu 3/1/18 3.2.4 Dropping the 10 employees at the location 7 days Fri 3/2/18 Mon 3/12/18 4 Project is Closed 1 day Tue 3/13/18 Tue 3/13/18 Table 1: Project Milestones Technical Requirements The project requires transportation of the 10 employees to charity organization and it would require the proper documentation and transportation medium of the employees to the charity organization. Limits and exclusions The project is limited to the sending of the 10 employees to the charity organization and it is bounded by the budget of 50,000 dollars and time of 4 months. Review with customer The review with the customer can be done by the help of the feedbacks attained from them by the use of the surveys and post project review (Walker, 2015). The checklist would also help in evaluating the project in terms of the customer satisfaction and expectation. Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix is developed for the implication of the time management and the integration of the number of platforms of the project (Fang Marle, (2013). The project priority matrix is helpful for the ranking of the basic project factors like cost, time, and scope in terms of their influence in the project. The priority matrix is formed for evaluating whether the factor would be treated as constrains, enhance, and accept for the project. Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization has been shown below, Time Scope Cost Justification Constrain ? The overall cost of the project is limited to its budget and hence the budget of the project would act as a constrain Enhance ? The scope of the project can be enhanced and it would result in improving the development of the effective development Accept ? The time taken for the project is bound to be accepted by the project team Table 2: Project Priority Matrix Explanation of the Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix is developed for the analysis of the factors of time, scope, and cost for the project of the To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization. The priority matrix has shown that the time factor would have to be accepted by the project team members. The project schedule is estimated and the project team would have to abide by the schedule developed and the time taken for the development of the project. The scope of the project is formed for the integration of the project activities involvement. The project team members would have to enhance the scope of the project so that they can get maximum benefit from the project. The cost of the project is a constraint for the development of the effective project operations. The limited amount of the resources has resulted in causing the limitation of the project. Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure is a modified chart diagram of the project activities list in a more classified and structured forms (Ruano?Mayoral et al., 2014). The integration of the sceptical form for the development of the structure for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization can be formed for understanding the development of the profound development. Details of the work packages The project schedule of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization is developed by using the waterfall methodology. The phases of the project are Initial Phase, Planning Phase, Execution Phase, and Closure Phase. However, the work packages of the project are project initial phase, schedule planning, communication planning, risk management plan, selection of the 10 employees, and sending them for charity organization. The work package of project initial phase consists of analysing the requirements of the project, initial documentation, development of the charter documents, submission of the documents, and review and sign off the documents activities. The work package of schedule planning consists of selection of plan methodology, outline of the plan is developed, reviewing the plan outline, plan is completely developed, and plan is approved activities. The work package of communication planning consists of analysis of the requirements of the communication, s election of the communication medium, implying accurate communication medium with appropriate stakeholders, and approval of the communication plan activities. The work package of risk management plan consists of risk analysis, risk prioritization, risk mitigation strategies are developed, risk mitigation strategies are implied, and risk control is applied activities. The work package of selection of the 10 employees consists of selection of the choosing option, a list of the active employees is made for charity event, employees are analysed in terms of their interest in charity, 10 employees are selected, and registration of the names of the 10 employees selected activities. The work package of sending them for charity organization consists of knowing the location of the charity organization, selecting the transportation medium, profiling the charity organization, and dropping the 10 employees at the location activities. Cost Estimation The cost estimation is developed for the approximation of the overall expenses that would be required for the project budget (Maleki, Ghaffari Masdari, 2014). The cost estimation can be done by the help of both top down and bottom up approaches. The top down approach used the cost estimation starting from the final deliverable or the project goal and it is divided into smaller chunks for calculation. The bottom up approach uses the resource cost estimation and adding them for forming the final deliverable for the project. Cost Estimation WBS Task Name Cost 0 To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization $49,928.00 1 Project Initial Phase $8,000.00 2 Project Planning Phase $21,320.00 2.1 Kick off meeting $800.00 2.2 Schedule Planning $7,840.00 2.3 Communication Planning $5,880.00 2.4 Risk Management Plan $6,800.00 3 Project Execution Phase $19,808.00 3.1 Selection of the 10 employees $8,784.00 3.2 Sending them for charity organization $11,024.00 4 Project is Closed $800.00 Table 3: Top-down cost estimation Resource Name Work Cost Analyst 56 hrs $4,200.00 Documenter 80 hrs $6,000.00 Project Manager 40 hrs $4,000.00 Planner 88 hrs $7,040.00 Risk Analyst 80 hrs $6,800.00 HR Manager 144 hrs $13,968.00 Contractor 88 hrs $7,920.00 Table 4: Bottom-up cost estimation References Agarwal, V., Oxstrand, J. H., Le Blanc, K. L. (2014).Automated work packages architecture: An initial set of human factors and instrumentation and controls requirements(No. INL/EXT--14-33172). Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Aksenov, V. V., Walter, A. V., Gordeyev, A. A., Kosovets, A. V. (2015). Classification of geokhod units and systems based on product cost analysis and estimation for a prototype model production. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering(Vol. 91, No. 1, p. 012088). IOP Publishing. Dbs.com. (2017). About DBS Bank Asias Safest Bank - Singapores Bank of Choice | DBS Bank. Retrieved 18 November 2017, from https://www.dbs.com/about-us/default.page Fang, C., Marle, F. (2013). Dealing with project complexity by matrix-based propagation modelling for project risk analysis.Journal of Engineering Design,24(4), 239-256.Project management Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013). Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Maleki, I., Ghaffari, A., Masdari, M. (2014). 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